PMID- 36028459
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221018
LR  - 20221018
IS  - 1879-1166 (Electronic)
IS  - 0198-8859 (Linking)
VI  - 83
IP  - 11
DP  - 2022 Nov
TI  - HLA molecular study of patients in a public kidney transplant program in 
      Guatemala.
PG  - 741-748
LID - S0198-8859(22)00152-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.08.003 [doi]
AB  - Guatemala is a country located in Central America, and while it is one of the 
      most populated countries in the region, the genetic diversity of the population 
      has been poorly analyzed. Currently, there are no analyses of the distribution of 
      human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system alleles in mixed ancestry (i.e., ladino) 
      populations in Guatemala. The HLA system exhibits the most extensive polymorphism 
      in the human genome and has been extensively analyzed in a large number of 
      studies related to disease association, transplantation, and population genetics 
      (with particular importance in the understanding of diversity in the human 
      population). Here, we present HLA typing data from 127 samples of unrelated 
      individuals from the kidney transplant program of the San Juan de Dios General 
      Hospital (Guatemala City) using a PCR-SSOP-based (PCR-sequence specific 
      oligonucleotide probes) typing method. We found 16 haplotypes that accounted for 
      39.76 % of the total haplotype diversity, of which thirteen have been reported 
      previously in Native American populations and three have been reported in 
      European populations. The analyses showed no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg 
      equilibrium, and admixture estimates calculated with k = 3 ancestral components 
      showed that Native American was the most represented component, followed by the 
      European component. The African component was less prominent in the Guatemala 
      mixed ancestry sample in comparison to samples from other countries in Central 
      America. The HLA-based admixture results for Central America showed a continuum 
      in the distribution of Native American, European and African ancestries 
      throughout the region, which is consistent with the complex demographic history 
      of the region.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. 
      Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Escobar-Castro, Karla
AU  - Escobar-Castro K
AD  - Escuela de Estudios de Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de 
      San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC), Guatemala City, Guatemala; Laboratorio de 
      Histocompatibilidad, Departamento de Nefrologia y Trasplante, Hospital General 
      San Juan de Dios, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
FAU - Hernandez-Zaragoza, Diana Iraiz
AU  - Hernandez-Zaragoza DI
AD  - Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Antropologia e Historia 
      (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Inmunogenetica, Tecnicas Geneticas 
      Aplicadas a la Clinica (TGAC), Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: 
      diiraiz3220@gmail.com.
FAU - Santizo, Adolfo
AU  - Santizo A
AD  - Laboratorio de Histocompatibilidad, Departamento de Nefrologia y Trasplante, 
      Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
FAU - Del Toro-Arreola, Susana
AU  - Del Toro-Arreola S
AD  - Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Centro 
      Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 
      Jalisco, Mexico.
FAU - Hernandez, Elisa
AU  - Hernandez E
AD  - Laboratorio de Histocompatibilidad, Departamento de Nefrologia y Trasplante, 
      Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
FAU - Toledo S, Manuel
AU  - Toledo S M
AD  - Departamento de Nefrologia y Trasplante, Hospital General San Juan de Dios, 
      Guatemala City, Guatemala.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220823
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Immunol
JT  - Human immunology
JID - 8010936
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotide Probes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Gene Frequency
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - Genetics, Population
MH  - Guatemala
MH  - HLA Antigens/genetics
MH  - Haplotypes
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Kidney Transplantation
MH  - Linkage Disequilibrium
MH  - Mexico
MH  - Oligonucleotide Probes
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Admixture
OT  - African ancestry
OT  - Central American diversity
OT  - European ancestry
OT  - Genetic diversity
OT  - HLA system
OT  - Ladinos from Guatemala
OT  - Mixed population
OT  - Native American ancestry
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/08/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/19 06:00
CRDT- 2022/08/26 22:08
PHST- 2021/10/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/08/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/08/26 22:08 [entrez]
AID - S0198-8859(22)00152-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.08.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Immunol. 2022 Nov;83(11):741-748. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.08.003. Epub 
      2022 Aug 23.