PMID- 36030919 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220914 LR - 20220930 IS - 1096-0953 (Electronic) IS - 0013-9351 (Linking) VI - 214 IP - Pt 4 DP - 2022 Nov TI - Multi-class organic pollutants in atmospheric particulate matter (PM(2.5)) from a Southwestern Europe industrial area: Levels, sources and human health risk. PG - 114195 LID - S0013-9351(22)01522-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114195 [doi] AB - The occurrence of 50 multi-class pollutants comprising 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), 12 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), 6 synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) and 2 bisphenols was studied in atmospheric particulate matter (PM(2.5)) samples collected at an industrial area focused on automotive manufacturing located at the Southwestern Atlantic European region (Vigo city, Spain) during 1-year period. Among all quantitated pollutants in PM(2.5) samples, bisphenol A (BPA) was the most predominant with an average concentration of 6180 pg m(-3), followed by PAHs comprising benzo(b+j)fluoranthene (BbF + BjF) and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BghiP), accounting for 546 pg m(-3) and 413 pg m(-3) respectively. In addition, two OPFRs concerning tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and triphenyl phosphine oxide (TPPO) were the next following the concentration order, accounting for 411 pg m(-3) and 367 pg m(-3) respectively; being butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) the most profuse PAE (56.1 pg m(-3) by average). High relative standard deviations (RSDs) were observed during the whole sampling period, while statistically significant differences were only observed for PAHs concentrations during cold and warm seasons. Furthermore, some water-soluble ions and metal(oid)s were analysed in PM(2.5) samples to be used as PM source tracers, whose concentrations were quite below the target levels set in the current legislation. Data obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) and PAHs molecular indices suggested a pyrogenic and petrogenic origin for PAHs, whereas occurrence of the remaining compounds seems to be attributed to resources used in the automotive industrial activity settled in the sampling area. Moreover, although a substantial anthropogenic source to PM(2.5) in the area was observed, marine and soil resuspension contributions were also accounted. Finally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks posed by PM(2.5)-bound pollutants inhalation were assessed, being both averages within the safe level considering the whole period. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Sanchez-Pinero, Joel AU - Sanchez-Pinero J AD - University of A Coruna. Grupo Quimica Analitica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruna, s/n. 15071, A Coruna, Spain. Electronic address: joel.sanchez@udc.es. FAU - Novo-Quiza, Natalia AU - Novo-Quiza N AD - University of A Coruna. Grupo Quimica Analitica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruna, s/n. 15071, A Coruna, Spain. FAU - Moreda-Pineiro, Jorge AU - Moreda-Pineiro J AD - University of A Coruna. Grupo Quimica Analitica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruna, s/n. 15071, A Coruna, Spain. FAU - Turnes-Carou, Isabel AU - Turnes-Carou I AD - University of A Coruna. Grupo Quimica Analitica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruna, s/n. 15071, A Coruna, Spain. FAU - Muniategui-Lorenzo, Soledad AU - Muniategui-Lorenzo S AD - University of A Coruna. Grupo Quimica Analitica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruna, s/n. 15071, A Coruna, Spain. FAU - Lopez-Mahia, Purificacion AU - Lopez-Mahia P AD - University of A Coruna. Grupo Quimica Analitica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruna, s/n. 15071, A Coruna, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220827 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Res JT - Environmental research JID - 0147621 RN - 0 (Air Pollutants) RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - 0 (Particulate Matter) RN - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) SB - IM MH - *Air Pollutants/analysis MH - China MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - *Environmental Pollutants/analysis MH - Humans MH - Particulate Matter/analysis MH - *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis MH - Risk Assessment MH - Seasons OTO - NOTNLM OT - Fine particulate matter OT - Health risk assessment OT - Industrial chemicals OT - Organic pollutants OT - PM source Apportionment OT - Seasonal trends COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2022/08/29 06:00 MHDA- 2022/09/15 06:00 CRDT- 2022/08/28 19:34 PHST- 2022/06/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/08/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/08/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/08/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/09/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/08/28 19:34 [entrez] AID - S0013-9351(22)01522-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114195 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 4):114195. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114195. Epub 2022 Aug 27.