PMID- 36042831
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220906
IS  - 1016-1430 (Print)
IS  - 2251-6840 (Electronic)
IS  - 1016-1430 (Linking)
VI  - 35
DP  - 2021
TI  - Subclinical Hypothyroidism Is a Risk Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients 
      with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
PG  - 186
LID - 10.47176/mjiri.35.186 [doi]
LID - 186
AB  - Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. 
      The known risk factors for microvascular complications are uncontrolled diabetes, 
      duration of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. In addition to these 
      conventional risk factors, other risk factors, such as hypothyroidism have 
      recently been suggested. Adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were 
      recruited. All patients were evaluated for retinopathy. Various clinical and 
      biochemical parameters, including thyroid function tests, were assessed and 
      compared between groups. In this study, 928 patients with (T2DM) were included. 
      Of all patients, 376 (40.52%) had DR. In patients with retinopathy, 115 (30.58%) 
      had proliferative and 261 (69.42%) had nonproliferative retinopathy. In patients 
      with nonproliferative DR, 34.48%, 32.95%, and 32.57% had mild, moderate, and 
      severe nonproliferative DR, respectively. Of all patients, 91 (9.8%) had 
      subclinical hypothyroidism. There was a significant relationship between 
      subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and DR in these patients. In patients with 
      retinopathy, 14.4% and in patients without retinopathy, 6.7% had SCH (p<0.001). 
      In univariate logistic regression analysis, the chance of developing DR in 
      patients with SCH was 2.33 times higher than patients without subclinical 
      hypothyroidism, each unit increase in the thyroid-stimulating hormone 
      significantly increases the chance of developing DR by 13%. The present study 
      showed that in the population of patients with (T2DM), SCH is associated with DR, 
      regardless of the conventional risk factors.
CI  - (c) 2021 Iran University of Medical Sciences.
FAU - Heidari, Zahra
AU  - Heidari Z
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zahedan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
FAU - Asadzadeh, Reza
AU  - Asadzadeh R
AD  - School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211230
PL  - Iran
TA  - Med J Islam Repub Iran
JT  - Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
JID - 8910777
PMC - PMC9391758
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
OT  - Diabetic Retinopathy
OT  - Hypothyroidism
EDAT- 2022/09/01 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/01 06:01
PMCR- 2021/12/30
CRDT- 2022/08/31 01:55
PHST- 2021/04/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/31 01:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/01 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.47176/mjiri.35.186 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2021 Dec 30;35:186. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.35.186. 
      eCollection 2021.