PMID- 36051740
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220907
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Jul
TI  - Comparing the Neuroprotective Effects of Telmisartan, Perindopril, and Nebivolol 
      Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Injury in Neuron-Like Cells.
PG  - e27429
LID - 10.7759/cureus.27429 [doi]
LID - e27429
AB  - The effect of antihypertensive drugs, especially drugs modulating the 
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), on neurodegenerative diseases still 
      needs to be investigated. This study aimed to compare the effects of three 
      different antihypertensive drugs (telmisartan, perindopril, and nebivolol) on 
      neuroprotection and acetylcholine (ACh) levels against lipopolysaccharide 
      (LPS)-induced injury in a differentiated SH-SY5Y cell line. Cells were treated 
      with retinoic acid for differentiation to a neuronal phenotype. LPS 20 (mug/mL) 
      was applied to the cells for one hour. Then, the cells were treated with 1, 5, 
      and 10 microg/mL concentrations of telmisartan, perindopril, and nebivolol separately 
      for 24 hours, except for the control and LPS alone groups. Cell viability was 
      evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 
      (MTT) assay. ACh levels were analyzed using an enzyme immunosorbent assay in the 
      culture medium. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), 
      and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkappaB) 
      expressions were evaluated using western blot analysis. Telmisartan demonstrated 
      the highest cell viability against LPS-induced injury, whereas the protective 
      effect of perindopril was moderate. Nebivolol showed no neuroprotective effect. 
      The protective effect of 10-microg/mL telmisartan was superior to 10 microg/mL 
      perindopril (p=0.006), 5 microg/mL perindopril (p=0.001), 1 microg/mL perindopril 
      (p=0.001), and 1, 5, and 10 microg/mL nebivolol (p<0.001). Among all the study drugs, 
      only telmisartan provided a statistically significant increase in ACh levels 
      after LPS-induced injury. Additionally, the administration of telmisartan 
      provided a concentration-dependent reduction in TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and NFkappaB expression 
      against LPS-induced neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that telmisartan 
      has a superior neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced injury in neuron-like 
      cells compared with both perindopril and nebivolol.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022, Sen et al.
FAU - Sen, Selcuk
AU  - Sen S
AD  - Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 
      University, Istanbul, TUR.
FAU - Haciosmanoglu, Ebru
AU  - Haciosmanoglu E
AD  - Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 
      Istanbul, TUR.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220729
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC9420193
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - acetylcholine
OT  - antihypertensive
OT  - nebivolol
OT  - neurodegeneration
OT  - neuroprotective
OT  - perindopril
OT  - telmisartan
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2022/09/03 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/03 06:01
PMCR- 2022/07/29
CRDT- 2022/09/02 02:37
PHST- 2022/07/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/02 02:37 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.27429 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2022 Jul 29;14(7):e27429. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27429. eCollection 2022 
      Jul.