PMID- 36055594
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221013
LR  - 20221013
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 308
IP  - Pt 1
DP  - 2022 Dec
TI  - Feed as a source of dioxins and PCBs.
PG  - 136243
LID - S0045-6535(22)02736-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136243 [doi]
AB  - Dioxins (PCDD/PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 
      undesirable chemicals classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The 
      main route of human exposure to these compounds is through the diet (about 80%), 
      with food of animal origin being the predominant source. For this reason, animal 
      feed can contribute significantly to the presence of these compounds in food. The 
      aim of this study was to present the concentrations of dioxins and PCBs as well 
      as congener profiles in feed exceeding the acceptable limits (277/2012/EU). In 
      addition, an attempt was made to identify the source of contamination for the 
      different types of contaminated feedstuffs. Among a total of 743 samples of feed 
      materials from the Polish market tested between 2013 and 2021, exceedances of the 
      maximum levels of dioxins and PCBs were found in 21 samples (2.8%). The largest 
      group among the non-compliant feed samples were feed materials of plant origin 
      (43%) followed in decreasing order by vegetable oils and fats of animal origin 
      (24%), materials of mineral origin (9%), and fish oils and meals (5%). The 
      exceedances of the dioxin limits in the category feed materials of plant origin 
      were only caused by dried materials (pulp, dried alfalfa, dried apple). 
      Furthermore, for 8 (1%) samples, the concentrations of test substances exceeding 
      the Action Levels (AL) were recorded.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Pajurek, M
AU  - Pajurek M
AD  - Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, 
      Pulawy, Poland. Electronic address: marek.pajurek@piwet.pulawy.pl.
FAU - Warenik-Bany, M
AU  - Warenik-Bany M
AD  - Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, 
      Pulawy, Poland.
FAU - Mikolajczyk, S
AU  - Mikolajczyk S
AD  - Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, 
      Pulawy, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220830
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Dioxins)
RN  - 0 (Fish Oils)
RN  - 0 (Plant Oils)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Dioxins/analysis
MH  - Fish Oils/analysis
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Persistent Organic Pollutants
MH  - Plant Oils
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - *Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Congener patterns
OT  - Contamination
OT  - Dioxins
OT  - Feed
OT  - PCBs
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/09/03 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/14 06:00
CRDT- 2022/09/02 19:27
PHST- 2022/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/08/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/02 19:27 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(22)02736-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136243 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2022 Dec;308(Pt 1):136243. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136243. 
      Epub 2022 Aug 30.