PMID- 36069038 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230314 LR - 20230908 IS - 2042-6186 (Electronic) IS - 1066-9817 (Print) IS - 1066-9817 (Linking) VI - 31 IP - 2 DP - 2023 Apr TI - Expectations affect pain sensitivity changes during massage. PG - 84-92 LID - 10.1080/10669817.2022.2118449 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Pain-inducing massage produces comparable changes in pain sensitivity as a cold pressor task, suggesting shared neurophysiological mechanisms of conditioned pain modulation. Manual therapy and conditioned pain modulation are influenced by positive and negative expectations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of positive and negative expectations on pain-free and pain-inducing massage. METHODS: 56 healthy participants were randomly assigned to receive a positive or negative expectation instructional set followed by a pain-inducing or a pain-free massage. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured followed by each interval of massage. A repeated measures ANCOVA controlling for post-randomization differences in sex tested for massage x expectation set x PPT interaction effects, as well as two-way interaction effects. RESULTS: A significant three-way interaction effect (p = 0.04) and time x expectation interaction effect was observed for individuals receiving pain inducing massage (p = 0.02). Individuals who received the positive expectation instructional set demonstrated significantly higher PPT at minutes 3 and 4 of massage compared to individuals who received the negative expectation instructional set. CONCLUSIONS: Expectations impact pain sensitivity changes produced during massage. Clinicians planning to provide pain-inducing massage should consider the role of expectations in modulating pain sensitivity changes. FAU - Wilson, Abigail T AU - Wilson AT AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9740-5917 AD - School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA. AD - Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida. FAU - Bishop, Mark D AU - Bishop MD AD - Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. AD - Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. FAU - Beneciuk, Jason M AU - Beneciuk JM AD - Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. AD - Clinical Research Center, Brooks Rehabilitation, Jacksonville, FL. FAU - Tilley, Hannah E AU - Tilley HE AD - Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. FAU - Riley, Joseph L 3rd AU - Riley JL 3rd AD - Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. AD - Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. FAU - Cruz-Almeida, Yenisel AU - Cruz-Almeida Y AD - Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. AD - Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. FAU - Bialosky, Joel E AU - Bialosky JE AD - Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. AD - Clinical Research Center, Brooks Rehabilitation, Jacksonville, FL. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04108403 PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220907 PL - England TA - J Man Manip Ther JT - The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy JID - 9433812 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Pain Threshold/physiology MH - *Motivation MH - Pain MH - Pain Measurement MH - Massage PMC - PMC10013429 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Expectations OT - conditioned pain modulation OT - massage OT - pressure pain threshold COIS- No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). EDAT- 2022/09/08 06:00 MHDA- 2023/03/15 06:00 PMCR- 2023/09/07 CRDT- 2022/09/07 03:23 PHST- 2022/09/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/03/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/09/07 03:23 [entrez] PHST- 2023/09/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 2118449 [pii] AID - 10.1080/10669817.2022.2118449 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Man Manip Ther. 2023 Apr;31(2):84-92. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2022.2118449. Epub 2022 Sep 7.