PMID- 36079505
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220913
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 17
DP  - 2022 Sep 3
TI  - A Promising Mortar Produced with Seawater and Sea Sand.
LID - 10.3390/ma15176123 [doi]
LID - 6123
AB  - The aim of the study is the deep understanding of the essential reactivity of the 
      environmentally friendly mortar by which its applicability can be justified. 
      Created in the study was the environmentally friendly mortar, which helped 
      relieve the increasing requirements on conventional building materials that are 
      produced from exhausted freshwater and river sand nowadays. Seawater (SW) and sea 
      sand (SS) collected from the Eastern Seas of China were used to produce the 
      mortar at various ages, including 10-day, 33-day, and 91-day. Both the curing and 
      working conditions of the mortar were natural marine ones. The 
      physicochemical-mechanical behaviors were investigated using uniaxial compression 
      tests (UCTs), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and 
      thermal-field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis to understand 
      the essential reactivity of the mortar with age accumulation. The results 
      indicated that hydration products and favorable components were generated 
      promisingly in the mortar: the C-S-H (xCaO.SiO(2).zH(2)O) development was 
      certainly achieved in the critical environment during the curing and working 
      period; the extensive generation of C-A-S-H (CaO.Al(2)O(3).2SiO(2).4H(2)O) helped 
      densify the C-S-H grid, which caused the promising development of the uniaxial 
      compression strength (UCS); the framework porosity of the mortar was restrained 
      effectively due to the development of Friedel's salt that re-bonded the 
      interfacial cracks between SS and the hydration products with the age 
      accumulation in the critical environment. Consequently, UCS and the resistance 
      against damage of the mortar showed increasing behavior even in the critical 
      environment. The study established Friedel's salt working models and strength and 
      damage models to interpret the physicochemical reactivity of the mortar as: the 
      source of the strength and toughness was the proper polymerization between the 
      native saline components and the hydration product mixture generated throughout 
      the production, curing, and application without the leaching phenomenon. The 
      novel models and interpretation of the physicochemical reactivity ensured the 
      applicability of the mortar produced with SW and SS in the critical environment.
FAU - Sheng, Zhigang
AU  - Sheng Z
AD  - Key Laboratory of Building Collapse Mechanism and Disaster Prevention, Institute 
      of Disaster Prevention, China Earthquake Administration, Sanhe 101601, China.
FAU - Wang, Yajun
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Offshore Marine Engineering Technology, Zhoushan 
      316002, China.
AD  - School of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 
      316002, China.
FAU - Huang, Dan
AU  - Huang D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5252-5832
AD  - College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 51879236/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220903
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC9457632
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - environment-friendship
OT  - mortar
OT  - seawater and sea sand
OT  - strength and damage
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/09/10 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/10 06:01
PMCR- 2022/09/03
CRDT- 2022/09/09 01:23
PHST- 2022/07/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/08/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/09 01:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/10 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma15176123 [pii]
AID - materials-15-06123 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma15176123 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2022 Sep 3;15(17):6123. doi: 10.3390/ma15176123.