PMID- 36090702
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220913
IS  - 1178-7074 (Print)
IS  - 1178-7074 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-7074 (Linking)
VI  - 15
DP  - 2022
TI  - Independent Association of 25[OH]D Level on Reduced Glutathione and TNF-alpha in 
      Patients ‎with Diabetes and/or Hypertension.
PG  - 7065-7075
LID - 10.2147/IJGM.S375282 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Oxidative and inflammatory pathways play a significant role in the 
      pathophysiology of a wide variety of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. However, the effect of serum 
      25-hydroxyvitamin D ‎‎(25[OH]D) on these pathways is still controversial. To 
      evaluate the association of 25[OH]D on ‎antioxidant and pro-inflammatory 
      biomarkers, reduced glutathione (GSH) and tumor ‎necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in T2DM 
      and hypertensive patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study 
      of a consecutive sample of patients attending the the Family Medicine clinic at 
      King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH). Participants were 
      screened for eligibility according to the following ‎criteria: aged above 18 
      years and diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension for at least one ‎year. 
      Patients receiving any kind of vitamin D or calcium supplements within the last 
      three ‎months were excluded, as were those with a history of ‎renal failure, 
      cancer, liver, thyroid, or any other chronic inflammatory diseases. RESULTS: In 
      total 424 T2DM and/or ‎hypertensive patients (mean age 55+/-12 years) were 
      recruited. In addition to routine ‎physical and laboratory examinations, levels 
      of serum 25[OH]D, GSH and TNF-alpha were ‎measured. The prevalence of 25[OH]D 
      deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was 35.1%, which was ‎independent from GSH and TNF-alpha 
      levels. In T2DM, hypertensive and patients having ‎both diseases, GSH levels were 
      349.3+/-19, 355.4+/-19 and 428.8+/-20 mumol/L, ‎respectively. Uncontrolled T2DM and 
      hypertension patients showed significantly higher ‎GSH compared with the 
      controlled group. ‎Males showed slightly higher level ‎of TNF-alpha compared with 
      females and uncontrolled hypertensive patients had relatively ‎higher TNF-alpha level 
      when evaluated against controlled hypertensive patients. ‎. CONCLUSION: 25[OH]D 
      level is independent of oxidative stress and inflammation, ‎assessed by levels of 
      GSH and TNF-alpha, respectively, in T2DM and hypertensive Saudi ‎patients. ‎.
CI  - (c) 2022 AlRadini et al.
FAU - AlRadini, Faten A
AU  - AlRadini FA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7835-8681
AD  - Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint 
      ‎Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - El-Sheikh, Azza A K
AU  - El-Sheikh AAK
AD  - Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint 
      Abdulrahman ‎University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 
      ‎Egypt.
FAU - Al Shahrani, Abeer S
AU  - Al Shahrani AS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1319-8936
AD  - Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint 
      ‎Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alzamil, Norah M
AU  - Alzamil NM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0609-738X
AD  - Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint 
      ‎Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Fayed, Amel A
AU  - Fayed AA
AD  - Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint 
      ‎Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alsayed, Eman
AU  - Alsayed E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1004-6419
AD  - Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 
      El-‎Minia, Egypt.
FAU - Alharbi, Shatha S
AU  - Alharbi SS
AD  - Department of Family and Community Health, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University 
      ‎Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Altulihee, Msaad A
AU  - Altulihee MA
AD  - Department of Family and Community Health, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University 
      ‎Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Andijani, Shaimaa A
AU  - Andijani SA
AD  - Department of Family and Community Health, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University 
      ‎Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - AlShaiddi, Wafa K
AU  - AlShaiddi WK
AD  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz 
      ‎University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi 
      ‎Arabia.
FAU - Alamri, Fahad A
AU  - Alamri FA
AD  - Global Center of Mass Gathering Medicine, Ministry of Health, Family Medicine, 
      ‎Primary Health Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220905
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Int J Gen Med
JT  - International journal of general medicine
JID - 101515487
PMC - PMC9462432
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - TNF-alpha
OT  - diabetes
OT  - hypertension
OT  - reduced glutathione
OT  - vitamin D
COIS- The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
EDAT- 2022/09/13 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/13 06:01
PMCR- 2022/09/05
CRDT- 2022/09/12 03:48
PHST- 2022/05/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/12 03:48 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/13 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 375282 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/IJGM.S375282 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Gen Med. 2022 Sep 5;15:7065-7075. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S375282. eCollection 
      2022.