PMID- 36096229
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221027
LR  - 20221027
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 853
DP  - 2022 Dec 20
TI  - Rapid and efficient removal of organic matter from sewage sludge for extraction 
      of microplastics.
PG  - 158642
LID - S0048-9697(22)05741-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158642 [doi]
AB  - Microplastic pollution is recognized as an emerging global issue; however, no 
      standardized method for the extraction of these pollutants from the environment 
      currently exists and existing methods are ineffective for specific environmental 
      matrices. An appropriate organic matter removal method is essential for the 
      extraction of microplastics from organic-rich sludge to minimize interference 
      during their identification and enhance compatibility of the identification 
      steps. The present study aimed to establish an effective technique for the 
      digestion of organic matter-rich sludge using hydrogen peroxide and Fenton's 
      reagent at varying temperatures, times, and concentrations of an iron catalyst. 
      The organic matter removal efficiency of the five protocols utilized varied from 
      81.5 % to 87.1 %. Polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high density 
      polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and 
      polystyrene (PS) retained most of their physical and chemical properties after 
      the treatments, with minor changes in the surface area, weight, and FTIR spectra 
      properties. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PET fiber, polyamide (PA) fiber, 
      and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) fiber were significantly degraded via treating 
      with H(2)O(2) at 50  degrees C for 24 h. Protocol 4, treating with Fenton's reagent 
      (H(2)O(2) (30 %) + (0.05 M) FeSO(4).7H(2)O) at 50  degrees C for 1 h is proposed as a 
      rapid and effective method for the removal of organic matter from sludge. In 
      addition to its rapidity, this method minimally impacts most polymers, and its 
      high organic matter removal efficiency is associated with a significant reduction 
      of suspended solids in sludge. The present study provides a validated approach 
      that facilitates as an effective organic removal step during the extraction of 
      MPs in sludge.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Maw, Me Me
AU  - Maw MM
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 
      Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73710, Thailand.
FAU - Boontanon, Narin
AU  - Boontanon N
AD  - Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 
      73710, Thailand.
FAU - Fujii, Shigeo
AU  - Fujii S
AD  - Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 
      606-8501, Japan.
FAU - Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati
AU  - Boontanon SK
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 
      Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73710, Thailand; Graduate School of Global 
      Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Electronic 
      address: suwanna.boo@mahidol.ac.th.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220909
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Fenton's reagent)
RN  - BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride)
RN  - 9011-14-7 (Polymethyl Methacrylate)
RN  - 0 (Polystyrenes)
RN  - 0 (Polypropylenes)
RN  - 0 (Polyethylene Terephthalates)
RN  - 0 (Nylons)
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Sewage/chemistry
MH  - Microplastics
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry
MH  - Plastics
MH  - Polyethylene
MH  - Polyvinyl Chloride
MH  - Polymethyl Methacrylate
MH  - Polystyrenes
MH  - Polypropylenes
MH  - Polyethylene Terephthalates
MH  - Nylons
MH  - Iron/chemistry
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Digestion methods
OT  - Microplastic extraction protocols
OT  - Organic matter removal
OT  - Sewage sludge
OT  - Validation
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interest or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/09/13 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/28 06:00
CRDT- 2022/09/12 19:24
PHST- 2022/07/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/09/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/12 19:24 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(22)05741-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158642 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 20;853:158642. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158642. 
      Epub 2022 Sep 9.