PMID- 36115955 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220920 LR - 20240109 IS - 2662-7671 (Electronic) IS - 2662-7671 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Sep 17 TI - Edible algae (Ecklonia cava) bioprocessed with mycelia of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms in liquid culture and its isolated fractions protect mice against allergic asthma. PG - 242 LID - 10.1186/s12906-022-03705-y [doi] LID - 242 AB - BACKGROUND: Ecklonia cava is an edible marine brown alga harvested from the ocean that is widely consumed in Asian countries as a health-promoting medicinal food The objective of the present study is to evaluate the anti-asthma mechanism of a new functional food produced by bioprocessing edible algae Ecklonia cava and shiitake Lentinula edodes mushroom mycelia and isolated fractions. METHODS: We used as series of methods, including high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, cell assays, and an in vivo mouse assay to evaluate the asthma-inhibitory effect of Ecklonia cava bioprocessed (fermented) with Lentinula edodes shiitake mushroom mycelium and its isolated fractions in mast cells and in orally fed mice. RESULTS: The treatments inhibited the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, suggesting anti-asthma effects in vitro. The in vitro anti-asthma effects in cells were confirmed in mice following the induction of asthma by alumina and chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA). Oral administration of the bioprocessed Ecklonia cava and purified fractions suppressed the induction of asthma and was accompanied by the inhibition of inflammation- and immune-related substances, including eotaxin; thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP); OVA-specific IgE; leukotriene C(4) (LTC4); prostaglandin D2 (PGD(2)); and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and other fluids and organs. Th2 cytokines were reduced and Th1 cytokines were restored in serum, suggesting the asthma-induced inhibitory effect is regulated by the balance of the Th1/Th2 immune response. Serum levels of IL-10, a regulatory T cell (Treg) cytokine, were increased, further favoring reduced inflammation. Histology of lung tissues revealed that the treatment also reversed the thickening of the airway wall and the contraction and infiltration of bronchial and blood vessels and perialveolar inflammatory cells. The bioprocessed Ecklonia cava/mushroom mycelia new functional food showed the highest inhibition as compared with commercial algae and the fractions isolated from the bioprocessed product. CONCLUSIONS: The in vitro cell and in vivo mouse assays demonstrate the potential value of the new bioprocessed formulation as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic combination of natural compounds against allergic asthma and might also ameliorate allergic manifestations of foods, drugs, and viral infections. CI - (c) 2022. The Author(s). FAU - Lee, Kyung Hee AU - Lee KH AD - STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. FAU - Jang, Yeo Jin AU - Jang YJ AD - STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. AD - Present address: Herbal Medicine Research Division, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea. FAU - Hwang, Woon Sang AU - Hwang WS AD - STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kwon, Ki Sun AU - Kwon KS AD - STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Wha Young AU - Lee WY AD - STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Jeanman AU - Kim J AD - STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Sung Phil AU - Kim SP AD - STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. spkim@strbiotech.co.kr. FAU - Friedman, Mendel AU - Friedman M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, Albany, CA, USA. mendel.friedman@usda.gov. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220917 PL - England TA - BMC Complement Med Ther JT - BMC complementary medicine and therapies JID - 101761232 RN - 0 (Anti-Allergic Agents) RN - 0 (Anti-Asthmatic Agents) RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) RN - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10) RN - 2CU6TT9V48 (Leukotriene C4) RN - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E) RN - 9006-59-1 (Ovalbumin) RN - LMI26O6933 (Aluminum Oxide) RN - RXY07S6CZ2 (Prostaglandin D2) SB - IM MH - *Agaricales MH - Aluminum Oxide/adverse effects MH - Animals MH - *Anti-Allergic Agents/adverse effects MH - *Anti-Asthmatic Agents/pharmacology MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology MH - *Asthma/drug therapy MH - Cytokines/metabolism MH - Immunoglobulin E MH - Inflammation/drug therapy MH - Interleukin-10 MH - Leukotriene C4/adverse effects MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Mycelium MH - Ovalbumin/adverse effects MH - *Phaeophyceae/metabolism MH - Prostaglandin D2/adverse effects MH - *Shiitake Mushrooms/metabolism MH - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/adverse effects PMC - PMC9482293 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Anti-asthma effect OT - Bioassays OT - Bioprocessed food, mast cells OT - Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid OT - Dietary interventions OT - Ecklonia cava OT - Edible algae OT - Gas chromatography OT - Histology OT - Immunoglobulins, cytokines OT - Lungs OT - Mice OT - Shiitake mushrooms COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2022/09/18 06:00 MHDA- 2022/09/21 06:00 PMCR- 2022/09/17 CRDT- 2022/09/17 23:25 PHST- 2022/01/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/08/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/09/17 23:25 [entrez] PHST- 2022/09/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/09/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/09/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12906-022-03705-y [pii] AID - 3705 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12906-022-03705-y [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022 Sep 17;22(1):242. doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03705-y.