PMID- 36117118
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231106
IS  - 2198-3844 (Electronic)
IS  - 2198-3844 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 33
DP  - 2022 Nov
TI  - Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive 
      Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications.
PG  - e2203747
LID - 10.1002/advs.202203747 [doi]
LID - 2203747
AB  - Intelligent metasurfaces have gained significant importance in recent years due 
      to their ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their 
      multifunctional characteristics, realized by incorporating active elements into 
      the metasurface designs, have huge potential in numerous novel devices and 
      exciting applications. In this article, recent progress in the field of 
      intelligent metasurfaces are reviewed, focusing particularly on tuning 
      mechanisms, hardware designs, and applications. Reconfigurable and programmable 
      metasurfaces, classified as space gradient, time modulated, and space-time 
      modulated metasurfaces, are discussed. Then, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces 
      (RISs) that can alter their wireless environments, and are considered as a 
      promising technology for sixth-generation communication networks, are explored. 
      Next, the recent progress made in simultaneously transmitting and reflecting 
      reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) that can achieve full-space EM 
      wave control are summarized. Finally, the perspective on the challenges and 
      future directions of intelligent metasurfaces are presented.
CI  - (c) 2022 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
FAU - Saifullah, Yasir
AU  - Saifullah Y
AD  - College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 
      Shenzhen, 518060, China.
FAU - He, Yejun
AU  - He Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8564-5355
AD  - College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 
      Shenzhen, 518060, China.
FAU - Boag, Amir
AU  - Boag A
AD  - School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel.
FAU - Yang, Guo-Min
AU  - Yang GM
AD  - Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan 
      University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
FAU - Xu, Feng
AU  - Xu F
AD  - Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan 
      University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 62071306/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 2021M702273/China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/
GR  - 2017YFA0100203/National Key Research and Development Program of China/
GR  - JCYJ20200109113601723/Shenzhen Science and Technology Program/
GR  - JSGG20210802154203011/Shenzhen Science and Technology Program/
GR  - JSGG20210420091805014/Shenzhen Science and Technology Program/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220918
PL  - Germany
TA  - Adv Sci (Weinh)
JT  - Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
JID - 101664569
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC9685480
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - intelligent metasurfaces
OT  - machine learning
OT  - reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
OT  - simultaneous transmission and reflection
OT  - sixth-generation
OT  - space-time modulation
OT  - tunable
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/09/19 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/19 06:01
PMCR- 2022/09/18
CRDT- 2022/09/18 22:09
PHST- 2022/08/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/19 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/18 22:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ADVS4535 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/advs.202203747 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Nov;9(33):e2203747. doi: 10.1002/advs.202203747. Epub 2022 
      Sep 18.