PMID- 36119299
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220920
IS  - 2249-4863 (Print)
IS  - 2278-7135 (Electronic)
IS  - 2249-4863 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Jun
TI  - Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction amongst patients with Type 2 
      diabetes mellitus in Pakistan.
PG  - 2739-2743
LID - 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2106_21 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Diabetes and thyroid disorders are the two most common disorders 
      amongst endocrine diseases. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) may disturb 
      thyroid metabolism by disturbing the levels of thyroid hormones in the plasma. 
      This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and thyroid dysfunction in 
      type 2 diabetic population presenting in a public sector tertiary care teaching 
      hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was 
      conducted in Civil Hospital Karachi (CHK) in the department of medicine from 
      October 01, 2018, to March 31, 2019. The study population consisted of 317 
      patients diagnosed with DM type 2 based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) 
      criteria. Patients with fasting blood sugar >/= 126 mg/dL, or HbA1c >6.5 (%), and 2 
      h postprandial blood glucose levels >200 mg/dL were included. After a minimum of 
      8 h of fasting, plasma samples of patients were collected and sent for fasting 
      blood glucose, HbA1c, FT3, FT4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). 
      Descriptive statistics were calculated. Post-stratification Chi-squared test was 
      applied, and a P value of </= 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Among all 
      enrolled DM type 2 patients, 207 (65.3%) were male with a mean age of 46.54 +/- 
      8.72 years. Mean fasting blood sugar (FBS), random blood sugar (RBS), and HbA1c 
      were 212.76 +/- 26.91 (mg/dL), 328.89 +/- 52.89 (mg/dL), and 9.43 +/- 2.47 (%), 
      respectively. The mean duration of DM was 7.81 +/- 3.15 years. Mean FT3, FT4, and 
      TSH were 113.13 +/- 44.40 (ng/dL), 7.63 +/- 3.11 (mg/dL) and 2.64 +/- 2.57 (mIU/mL), 
      respectively. In the present study, 55 (17.4%) patients had subclinical 
      hypothyroidism, 27 (8.5%) had hypothyroidism, 19 (6.0%) had hyperthyroidism, and 
      16 (5.0%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Significant association of thyroid 
      dysfunction was established with age group, female gender, and family history of 
      thyroid dysfunction (P =< 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thyroid 
      dysfunction is higher among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in 
      which hypothyroidism was the most common dysfunction with more prevalence among 
      female patients.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2022 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.
FAU - Bukhari, Syeda Iffat
AU  - Bukhari SI
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow 
      University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Ali, Gohar
AU  - Ali G
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow 
      University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Memom, Muhammad Yahya
AU  - Memom MY
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow 
      University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Sandeelo, Nabiya
AU  - Sandeelo N
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow 
      University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Alvi, Haris
AU  - Alvi H
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University Hospital-Ojha Campus, Dow 
      University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Talib, Abu
AU  - Talib A
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow 
      University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Ahmed, Imtiaz
AU  - Ahmed I
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow 
      University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Lal, Hari
AU  - Lal H
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow 
      University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib
AU  - Asghar MS
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University Hospital-Ojha Campus, Dow 
      University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Naseer, Ushna
AU  - Naseer U
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi 
      University, Karachi, Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220630
PL  - India
TA  - J Family Med Prim Care
JT  - Journal of family medicine and primary care
JID - 101610082
PMC - PMC9480699
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - FT3
OT  - FT4
OT  - TSH
OT  - hyperthyroidism
OT  - hypothyroidism
OT  - thyroid dysfunction
OT  - type II diabetes mellitus
COIS- There are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2022/09/20 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/20 06:01
PMCR- 2022/06/01
CRDT- 2022/09/19 04:24
PHST- 2021/10/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/01/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/19 04:24 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/20 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JFMPC-11-2739 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2106_21 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Jun;11(6):2739-2743. doi: 
      10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2106_21. Epub 2022 Jun 30.