PMID- 36135185
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220924
IS  - 1467-3045 (Electronic)
IS  - 1467-3037 (Print)
IS  - 1467-3037 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 9
DP  - 2022 Sep 2
TI  - Prophylactic Effects of Purple Shoot Green Tea on Cytokine Immunomodulation 
      through Scavenging Free Radicals and NO in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages.
PG  - 3980-4000
LID - 10.3390/cimb44090273 [doi]
AB  - Polyphenols and flavonoids from non-fermented green tea and fully-fermented black 
      tea exhibit antioxidant abilities that function as natural health foods for daily 
      consumption. Nonetheless, evidence regarding prophylactic effects of purple shoot 
      tea on immunomodulation remains scarce. We compared the immunomodulatory effects 
      of different tea processes on oxidative stress and cytokine expressions in 
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Major constituents of four tea 
      products, Taiwan Tea Experiment Station No.12 (TTES No. 12) black and green tea 
      and purple shoot black and purple shoot green tea (TB, TG, PB and PG, 
      respectively), were analyzed to explore the prophylactic effects on expressions 
      of free radicals, nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), 
      interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in LPS-activated 
      RAW264.7 cell models. PG contained abundant levels of total polyphenols, 
      flavonoids, condensed tannins and proanthocyanidins (371.28 +/- 3.83; 86.37 +/- 1.46; 
      234.67 +/- 10.1; and 24.81 +/- 0.75 mg/g, respectively) contributing to excellent 
      free radical scavenging potency. In both the LPS-activated inflammation model and 
      the prophylactic model, all tea extracts suppressed NO secretion in a 
      dose-dependent manner, especially for PG. Intriguingly, most tea extracts 
      enhanced expressions of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages, except PG. However, 
      all teas disrupted downstream transduction of chemoattractant MCP-1 for immune 
      cell trafficking. In the prophylactic model, all teas inhibited inflammatory 
      responses by attenuating expressions of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent 
      manner, especially for TG and PG. Our prophylactic model demonstrated PG exerts 
      robust effects on modulating LPS-induced cytokine expressions of MCP-1, IL-6 and 
      TNF-alpha through scavenging free radicals and NO. In light of the prophylactic 
      effects on LPS-related inflammation, PG effectively scavenges free radicals to 
      modulate cytokine cascades that could serve as a functional beverage for 
      immunomodulation.
FAU - Lin, Chih-Cheng
AU  - Lin CC
AD  - Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of 
      Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
FAU - Lin, Hsiu-Hua
AU  - Lin HH
AD  - Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of 
      Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
FAU - Chang, Hsiang
AU  - Chang H
AD  - Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of 
      Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
FAU - Chuang, Lu-Te
AU  - Chuang LT
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0318-0030
AD  - Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of 
      Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
FAU - Hsieh, Chih-Yu
AU  - Hsieh CY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9770-6779
AD  - Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of 
      Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
AD  - Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Pet Healthcare, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 
      300, Taiwan.
FAU - Lu, Shing-Hwa
AU  - Lu SH
AD  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Branch of Taipei Veterans 
      General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.
FAU - Hung, Chi-Feng
AU  - Hung CF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3478-5451
AD  - School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
FAU - Chang, Jia-Feng
AU  - Chang JF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9903-7473
AD  - Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of 
      Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, 
      Taiwan.
AD  - Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Branch of Taipei 
      Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.
AD  - School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 120, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
GR  - YPU 111-COMP6023-01/Yuanpei University/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220902
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Curr Issues Mol Biol
JT  - Current issues in molecular biology
JID - 100931761
PMC - PMC9497692
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - antioxidant
OT  - catechin
OT  - cytokine
OT  - fermentation process
OT  - flavonoid
OT  - free radicals
OT  - polyphenol
OT  - proanthocyanidin
OT  - prophylactic immunomodulation
OT  - purple shoot green tea
OT  - tannin
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/09/23 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/23 06:01
PMCR- 2022/09/02
CRDT- 2022/09/22 08:15
PHST- 2022/07/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/08/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/22 08:15 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/23 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - cimb44090273 [pii]
AID - cimb-44-00273 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/cimb44090273 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022 Sep 2;44(9):3980-4000. doi: 10.3390/cimb44090273.