PMID- 36138930
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220928
IS  - 2076-3425 (Print)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 9
DP  - 2022 Sep 5
TI  - Safety Evaluation of Employing Temporal Interference Transcranial Alternating 
      Current Stimulation in Human Studies.
LID - 10.3390/brainsci12091194 [doi]
LID - 1194
AB  - Temporal interference transcranial alternating current stimulation (TI-tACS) is a 
      new technique of noninvasive brain stimulation. Previous studies have shown the 
      effectiveness of TI-tACS in stimulating brain areas in a selective manner. 
      However, its safety in modulating human brain neurons is still untested. In this 
      study, 38 healthy adults were recruited to undergo a series of neurological and 
      neuropsychological measurements regarding safety concerns before and after active 
      (2 mA, 20/70 Hz, 30 min) or sham (0 mA, 0 Hz, 30 min) TI-tACS. The neurological 
      and neuropsychological measurements included electroencephalography (EEG), serum 
      neuron-specific enolase (NSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the 
      Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), an abbreviated version of the California Computerized 
      Assessment Package (A-CalCAP), a revised version of the Visual Analog Mood Scale 
      (VAMS-R), a self-assessment scale (SAS), and a questionnaire about adverse 
      effects (AEs). We found no significant difference between the measurements of the 
      active and sham TI-tACS groups. Meanwhile, no serious or intolerable adverse 
      effects were reported or observed in the active stimulation group of 19 
      participants. These results support that TI-tACS is safe and tolerable in terms 
      of neurological and neuropsychological functions and adverse effects for use in 
      human brain stimulation studies under typical transcranial electric stimulation 
      (TES) conditions (2 mA, 20/70 Hz, 30 min).
FAU - Piao, Yi
AU  - Piao Y
AD  - Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute 
      of Advanced Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 
      230031, China.
FAU - Ma, Ru
AU  - Ma R
AD  - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National 
      Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life 
      Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & 
      Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
FAU - Weng, Yaohao
AU  - Weng Y
AD  - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National 
      Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life 
      Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & 
      Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
FAU - Fan, Chuan
AU  - Fan C
AD  - Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, 
      University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical 
      University, Hefei 230022, China.
FAU - Xia, Xinzhao
AU  - Xia X
AD  - Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, 
      University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
FAU - Zhang, Wei
AU  - Zhang W
AD  - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National 
      Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life 
      Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & 
      Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
FAU - Zeng, Ginger Qinghong
AU  - Zeng GQ
AD  - Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute 
      of Advanced Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 
      230031, China.
FAU - Wang, Yan
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National 
      Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life 
      Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & 
      Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
FAU - Lu, Zhuo
AU  - Lu Z
AD  - Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, 
      University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
FAU - Cui, Jiangtian
AU  - Cui J
AD  - Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, 
      University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
AD  - School of Optometry and Vision Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
FAU - Wang, Xiaoxiao
AU  - Wang X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8498-7388
AD  - Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, 
      University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
FAU - Gao, Li
AU  - Gao L
AD  - SILC Business School, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
FAU - Qiu, Bensheng
AU  - Qiu B
AD  - Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, 
      University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
FAU - Zhang, Xiaochu
AU  - Zhang X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7541-0130
AD  - Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute 
      of Advanced Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 
      230031, China.
AD  - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National 
      Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life 
      Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & 
      Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
AD  - Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of 
      Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
AD  - Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of 
      Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2018YFC0831101/The National Key Basic Research Program/
GR  - 31771221/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 71942003/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 61773360/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 31800927/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 31900766/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 71874170/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 19JZD010/Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research, Ministry of 
      Education of China/
GR  - GLHZ202128/CAS-VPST Silk Road Science Fund 2021/
GR  - 2020HSC-CIP001/Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center, CAS/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220905
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Brain Sci
JT  - Brain sciences
JID - 101598646
PMC - PMC9496688
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - EEG
OT  - TI
OT  - TI-tACS
OT  - noninvasive brain stimulation
OT  - safety
OT  - tACS
OT  - transcranial electric stimulation
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/09/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/24 06:01
PMCR- 2022/09/05
CRDT- 2022/09/23 01:03
PHST- 2022/07/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/09/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/23 01:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - brainsci12091194 [pii]
AID - brainsci-12-01194 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/brainsci12091194 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Brain Sci. 2022 Sep 5;12(9):1194. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12091194.