PMID- 36142840
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220926
LR  - 20220928
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 18
DP  - 2022 Sep 18
TI  - Comparative Analyses of Complete Chloroplast Genomes and Karyotypes of 
      Allotetraploid Iris koreana and Its Putative Diploid Parental Species (Iris 
      Series Chinenses, Iridaceae).
LID - 10.3390/ijms231810929 [doi]
LID - 10929
AB  - The Iris series Chinenses in Korea comprises four species (I. minutoaurea, I. 
      odaesanensis, I. koreana, and I. rossii), and the group includes some endangered 
      species, owing to their high ornamental, economic, and conservation values. Among 
      them, the putative allotetraploid, Iris koreana (2n = 4x = 50), is hypothesized 
      to have originated from the hybridization of the diploids I. minutoaurea (2n = 2x 
      = 22) and I. odaesanensis (2n = 2x = 28) based on morphological characters, 
      chromosome numbers, and genome size additivity. Despite extensive morphological 
      and molecular phylogenetical studies on the genus Iris, little is known about 
      Korean irises in terms of their complete chloroplast (cp) genomes and molecular 
      cytogenetics that involve rDNA loci evolution based on fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH). This study reports comparative analyses of the karyotypes 
      of the three Iris species (I. koreana, I. odaesanensis, and I. minutoaurea), with 
      an emphasis on the 5S and 35S rDNA loci number and localization using FISH 
      together with the genome size and chromosome number. Moreover, the cp genomes of 
      the same individuals were sequenced and assembled for comparative analysis. The 
      rDNA loci numbers, which were localized consistently at the same position in all 
      species, and the chromosome numbers and genome size values of tetraploid Iris 
      koreana (four 5S and 35S loci; 2n = 50; 1C = 7.35 pg) were additively compared to 
      its putative diploid progenitors, I. minutoaurea (two 5S and 35S loci; 2n = 22; 
      1C = 3.71 pg) and I. odaesanensis (two 5S and 35S loci; 2n = 28; 1C = 3.68 pg). 
      The chloroplast genomes were 152,259-155,145 bp in length, and exhibited a 
      conserved quadripartite structure. The Iris cp genomes were highly conserved and 
      similar to other Iridaceae cp genomes. Nucleotide diversity analysis indicated 
      that all three species had similar levels of genetic variation, but the cp 
      genomes of I. koreana and I. minutoaurea were more similar to each other than to 
      I. odaesanensis. Positive selection was inferred for psbK and ycf2 genes of the 
      three Iris species. Phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered I. odaesanensis 
      as a sister to a clade containing I. koreana and I. minutoaurea. Although the 
      phylogenetic relationship, rDNA loci number, and localization, together with the 
      genome size and chromosome number of the three species, allowed for the inference 
      of I. minutoaurea as a putative maternal taxon and I. odaesanensis as a paternal 
      taxon, further analyses involving species-specific molecular cytogenetic markers 
      and genomic in situ hybridization are required to interpret the mechanisms 
      involved in the origin of the chromosomal variation in Iris series Chinenses. 
      This study contributes towards the genomic and chromosomal evolution of the genus 
      Iris.
FAU - Park, Inkyu
AU  - Park I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9341-3108
AD  - Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 
      Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
AD  - Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 
      51140, Korea.
FAU - Choi, Bokyung
AU  - Choi B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9926-9656
AD  - Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 
      Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
FAU - Weiss-Schneeweiss, Hanna
AU  - Weiss-Schneeweiss H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9530-6808
AD  - Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 
      A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
FAU - So, Soonku
AU  - So S
AD  - Plant Conservation Center, Korea National Park Research Institute, 2 
      Baengnyeonsa-gil, Seolcheon-Myeon, Muju-gun 55557, Korea.
FAU - Myeong, Hyeon-Ho
AU  - Myeong HH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9601-958X
AD  - Korea National Park Research Institute, 171 Dangu-ro, Wonju-si 26441, Korea.
FAU - Jang, Tae-Soo
AU  - Jang TS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5527-1137
AD  - Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 
      Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - NRF-2018R1C1B6003170/National Research Foundation of Korea/
GR  - NRF-2021R1I1A2045820/National Research Foundation of Korea/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220918
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (Nucleotides)
SB  - IM
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
MH  - Diploidy
MH  - *Genome, Chloroplast
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - *Iridaceae
MH  - *Iris Plant/genetics
MH  - Karyotype
MH  - Nucleotides
MH  - Phylogeny
PMC - PMC9504294
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - FISH
OT  - Iris series Chinenses
OT  - allopolyploidy
OT  - chloroplast genome
OT  - rDNA loci
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/09/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/28 06:00
PMCR- 2022/09/18
CRDT- 2022/09/23 01:26
PHST- 2022/07/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/09/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/23 01:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms231810929 [pii]
AID - ijms-23-10929 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms231810929 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 18;23(18):10929. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810929.