PMID- 36146843
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220926
LR  - 20221005
IS  - 1999-4915 (Electronic)
IS  - 1999-4915 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 9
DP  - 2022 Sep 14
TI  - Co-Infection and Cancer: Host-Pathogen Interaction between Dendritic Cells and 
      HIV-1, HTLV-1, and Other Oncogenic Viruses.
LID - 10.3390/v14092037 [doi]
LID - 2037
AB  - Dendritic cells (DCs) function as a link between innate and adaptive immune 
      responses. Retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1 modulate DCs to their advantage and 
      utilize them to propagate infection. Coinfection of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 has 
      implications for cancer malignancies. Both viruses initially infect DCs and 
      propagate the infection to CD4(+) T cells through cell-to-cell transmission using 
      mechanisms including the formation of virologic synapses, viral biofilms, and 
      conduits. These retroviruses are both neurotrophic with neurovirulence 
      determinants. The neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 results in 
      neurodegenerative diseases such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) 
      and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Infected 
      DCs are known to traffic to the brain (CNS) and periphery (PNS, lymphatics) to 
      induce neurodegeneration in HAND and HAM/TSP patients. Elevated levels of 
      neuroinflammation have been correlated with cognitive decline and impairment of 
      motor control performance. Current vaccinations and therapeutics for HIV-1 and 
      HTLV-1 are assessed and can be applied to patients with HIV-1-associated cancers 
      and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). These diseases caused by co-infections 
      can result in both neurodegeneration and cancer. There are associations with 
      cancer malignancies and HIV-1 and HTLV-1 as well as other human oncogenic viruses 
      (EBV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HPV). This review contains current knowledge on DC 
      sensing of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 including DC-SIGN, Tat, Tax, and current viral 
      therapies. An overview of DC interaction with oncogenic viruses including EBV, 
      Hepatitis viruses, and HPV is also provided. Vaccines and therapeutics targeting 
      host-pathogen interactions can provide a solution to co-infections, 
      neurodegeneration, and cancer.
FAU - Mulherkar, Tania H
AU  - Mulherkar TH
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of 
      Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
FAU - Gomez, Daniel Joseph
AU  - Gomez DJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5443-1813
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of 
      Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 25800 Carlos Bee 
      Blvd, Hayward, CA 94542, USA.
FAU - Sandel, Grace
AU  - Sandel G
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of 
      Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
FAU - Jain, Pooja
AU  - Jain P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8057-7835
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of 
      Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 NS097147/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220914
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Viruses
JT  - Viruses
JID - 101509722
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Coinfection/complications
MH  - Dendritic Cells
MH  - *HIV Infections/complications
MH  - HIV Seropositivity
MH  - *HIV-1
MH  - HTLV-I Infections
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions
MH  - *Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Neoplasms
MH  - *Oncogenic Viruses
MH  - *Papillomavirus Infections/complications
MH  - Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic
PMC - PMC9503663
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - EBV
OT  - HIV-1
OT  - HTLV-1
OT  - dendritic cells
OT  - hepatitis viruses
OT  - infection and cancer
OT  - oncogenic viruses
OT  - therapeutics
OT  - vaccines
COIS- The authors declare there is no potential conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/09/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/28 06:00
PMCR- 2022/09/14
CRDT- 2022/09/23 01:49
PHST- 2022/08/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/09/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/23 01:49 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v14092037 [pii]
AID - viruses-14-02037 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/v14092037 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Viruses. 2022 Sep 14;14(9):2037. doi: 10.3390/v14092037.