PMID- 36154862
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221013
LR  - 20221222
IS  - 1096-0953 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 215
IP  - Pt 2
DP  - 2022 Dec
TI  - A comparative study on the distribution behavior of microplastics through FT-IR 
      analysis on different land uses in agricultural soils.
PG  - 114404
LID - S0013-9351(22)01731-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114404 [doi]
AB  - Plastic materials have been variously exposed to arable land for decades through 
      soil mulching, plastic housing, and sewage sludge composting. Their mechanical 
      abrasion and biochemical degradation induce the proliferation of myriad 
      microplastics that can further be broken into smaller nano-sized pieces that can 
      be further accumulated in living organisms (including soil invertebrates, fruits, 
      and vegetables); they can also be widely dispersed in neighboring environments. 
      Despite the intensive use of plastics in agriculture, little is known about their 
      origin of occurrence and environmental fate, especially with a size below 100 mum. 
      Therefore, in this study, microplastics with a size in the range of 20-2,000 mum 
      were investigated in soil samples obtained from three different conditions of 
      land uses: tilled with plastic mulch, bare ground (i.e., uncultivated land), and 
      in between the greenhouses of the farmland D located in Namyangju-si, 
      Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. They were primarily identified using Fourier 
      transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy coupled with a microscope. Prior to 
      performing the analysis, microplastic extraction from the soil samples was 
      validated using standardized high-density polyethylene (HDPE) microplastics of 
      various sizes ranging from 20 to 500 mum. As a result, the number of microplastics 
      was estimated to be (241 +/- 52), (195 +/- 37), and (306 +/- 56) particles per kg of 
      dry soil in tillage, bare ground, and in between greenhouses, respectively. They 
      consist of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and poly(ethylene 
      terephthalate) (PET), which are the basic constituents of commonly used 
      agricultural products. The particle size distribution depends on the type of 
      plastic, the time elapsed since their usage, and the degree and duration of 
      environmental exposure; the plastic particle sizes were smaller in tillage and 
      around the greenhouses since agricultural films have been weathered for a long 
      time, whereas those with relatively large sizes were found in the uncultivated.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Park, Seon Yeong
AU  - Park SY
AD  - Institute of Environmental Research, INHA University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of 
      Korea; Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, INHA University, 
      Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: psy7574@naver.com.
FAU - Kim, Chang Gyun
AU  - Kim CG
AD  - Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, INHA University, Incheon, 
      22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA 
      University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: 
      cgk@inha.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220922
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Res
JT  - Environmental research
JID - 0147621
RN  - 0 (Ethylenes)
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Polypropylenes)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Agriculture
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Ethylenes/analysis
MH  - Fourier Analysis
MH  - *Microplastics
MH  - *Plastics/analysis
MH  - Polyethylene
MH  - Polypropylenes/analysis
MH  - Sewage/analysis
MH  - Soil/chemistry
MH  - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Agricultural film
OT  - Agronomic practices
OT  - Microplastics
OT  - Microscope FT-IR
OT  - Polyethylene
OT  - Polypropylene
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/09/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/14 06:00
CRDT- 2022/09/26 15:03
PHST- 2022/08/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/09/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/26 15:03 [entrez]
AID - S0013-9351(22)01731-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114404 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Res. 2022 Dec;215(Pt 2):114404. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114404. Epub 
      2022 Sep 22.