PMID- 36159100
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220928
IS  - 2222-0682 (Print)
IS  - 2222-0682 (Electronic)
IS  - 2222-0682 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Jul 20
TI  - Gut microbiota interactions with anti-diabetic medications and pathogenesis of 
      type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 246-257
LID - 10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.246 [doi]
AB  - Microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi living in the 
      gastrointestinal tract are collectively known as the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis is 
      the imbalance in microbial composition on or inside the body relative to healthy 
      state. Altered Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and decreased abundance of 
      Akkermansia muciniphila are the predominant gut dysbiosis associated with the 
      pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. 
      Pathophysiological mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis, and metabolic diseases and 
      their complications include altered metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and 
      bile acids, interaction with gut hormones, increased gut microbial metabolite 
      trimethylamine-N-oxide, bacterial translocation/Leaky gut syndrome, and endotoxin 
      production such as lipopolysaccharides. The association between the gut 
      microbiota and glycemic agents, however, is much less understood and is the 
      growing focus of research and conversation. Recent studies suggest that the gut 
      microbiota and anti-diabetic medications are interdependent on each other, 
      meaning that while anti-diabetic medications alter the gut microbiota, the gut 
      microbiota also alters the efficacy of anti-diabetic medications. With increasing 
      evidence regarding the significance of gut microbiota, it is imperative to review 
      the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This review also 
      discusses the interaction between gut microbiota and the various medications used 
      in the treatment of T2DM.
CI  - (c)The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights 
      reserved.
FAU - Kant, Ravi
AU  - Kant R
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South 
      Carolina, Anderson, SC 29621, United States.
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, AnMed Health, Anderson, SC 
      29621, United States. kant.ravi.md@gmail.com.
FAU - Chandra, Lakshya
AU  - Chandra L
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, St Francis Hospital, Greenville, SC 29601, 
      United States.
FAU - Verma, Vipin
AU  - Verma V
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Anderson, 
      SC 29621, United States.
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, AnMed Health, Anderson, SC 29621, United States.
FAU - Nain, Priyanshu
AU  - Nain P
AD  - Department of Graduate Medical Education, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi 
      110002, India.
FAU - Bello, Diego
AU  - Bello D
AD  - Department of Surgery, AnMed Health, Anderson, SC 29621, United States.
FAU - Patel, Siddharth
AU  - Patel S
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Decatur Morgan Hospital, Decatur, AL 35601, 
      United States.
FAU - Ala, Subash
AU  - Ala S
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, St Francis Hospital, Greenville, SC 29601, 
      United States.
FAU - Chandra, Rashmi
AU  - Chandra R
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Anderson, 
      SC 29621, United States.
FAU - Antony, Mc Anto
AU  - Antony MA
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South 
      Carolina, Anderson, SC 29621, United States.
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, AnMed Health, Anderson, SC 
      29621, United States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220720
PL  - United States
TA  - World J Methodol
JT  - World journal of methodology
JID - 101628739
PMC - PMC9350729
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular disease
OT  - Dysbiosis
OT  - Gut microbiota
OT  - Metabolic disease
OT  - Short chain fatty acid
OT  - Trimethylamine-N-oxide
COIS- Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest associated with 
      any of the senior author or other coauthors contributed their efforts in this 
      manuscript.
EDAT- 2022/09/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/27 06:01
PMCR- 2022/07/20
CRDT- 2022/09/26 17:31
PHST- 2022/03/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/06/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/09/26 17:31 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/09/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.246 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - World J Methodol. 2022 Jul 20;12(4):246-257. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.246. 
      eCollection 2022 Jul 20.