PMID- 36166943 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221018 LR - 20221018 IS - 1618-095X (Electronic) IS - 0944-7113 (Linking) VI - 107 DP - 2022 Dec TI - Puerarin: A review of its mechanisms of action and clinical studies in ophthalmology. PG - 154465 LID - S0944-7113(22)00554-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154465 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Pueraria is the common name of the dried root of either Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S.M.Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep (syn. Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi) or Pueraria montana var. thomsonii (Benth.) M.R.Almeida (syn. Pueraria thomsonii Benth.). Puerarin is a C-glucoside of the isoflavone daidzein extracted from Pueraria. It has been widely investigated to explore its therapeutic role in eye diseases and the molecular mechanisms. PURPOSE: To collect the available literature from 2000 to 2022 on puerarin in the treatment of ocular diseases and suggest the future required directions to improve its medicinal value. METHOD: The content of this review was obtained from databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang Database. RESULTS: The search yielded 428 articles, of which 159 articles were included after excluding duplicate articles and articles related to puerarin but less relevant to the topic of the review. In eleven articles, the bioavailability of puerarin was discussed. Despite puerarin possesses diverse biological activities, its bioavailability on its own is poor. There are 95 articles in which the therapeutic mechanisms of puerarin in ocular diseases was reported. Of these, 54 articles discussed the various signalling pathways related to occular diseases affected by puerarin. The other 41 articles discussed specific biological activities of puerarin. It plays a therapeutic role in ophthalmopathy via regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, protein kinase C (PKC) and other related pathways, affecting the expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and other cytokines resulting in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. The clinical applications of puerarin in ophthalmology were discussed in 25 articles. Eleven articles discussed the toxicity of puerarin. The literature suggests that puerarin has a good curative effect and can be used safely in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: This review has illustrated the diverse applications of puerarin acting on ocular diseases and suggested that puerarin can be used for treating diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion, glaucoma and other ocular diseases in the clinic. Some ocular diseases are the result of the combined action of multiple factors, and the effect of puerarin on different factors needs to be further studied to improve a more complete mechanism of action of puerarin. In addition, it is necessary to increase the number of subjects in clinical trials and conduct clinical trials for other ocular diseases. The information presented here will guide future research studies. CI - Copyright (c) 2022. Published by Elsevier GmbH. FAU - Meng, Fan AU - Meng F AD - Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China. FAU - Guo, Bin AU - Guo B AD - Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China. FAU - Ma, Yi-Qing AU - Ma YQ AD - Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China. FAU - Li, Kun-Wei AU - Li KW AD - Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China. Electronic address: kunweili@163.com. FAU - Niu, Feng-Ju AU - Niu FJ AD - Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China. Electronic address: zcznfj@163.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20220919 PL - Germany TA - Phytomedicine JT - Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology JID - 9438794 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Chemokine CCL2) RN - 0 (Glucosides) RN - 0 (Interleukin-1beta) RN - 0 (Isoflavones) RN - 0 (NF-kappa B) RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) RN - 126547-89-5 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) RN - EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt) RN - EC 2.7.11.13 (Protein Kinase C) RN - EC 2.7.11.24 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) RN - Z9W8997416 (puerarin) SB - IM MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Chemokine CCL2/metabolism MH - Glucosides/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism MH - Interleukin-1beta/metabolism MH - *Isoflavones/therapeutic use MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism MH - NF-kappa B/metabolism MH - *Ophthalmology MH - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism MH - Protein Kinase C/metabolism MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism MH - *Pueraria/chemistry MH - Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Clinical research OT - Molecular mechanism OT - Ophthalmology OT - Puerarin COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest We confirm that there are no conflicts of interest associated with this publication, and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. EDAT- 2022/09/28 06:00 MHDA- 2022/10/19 06:00 CRDT- 2022/09/27 18:19 PHST- 2022/03/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/09/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/09/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/10/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/09/27 18:19 [entrez] AID - S0944-7113(22)00554-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154465 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Phytomedicine. 2022 Dec;107:154465. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154465. Epub 2022 Sep 19.