PMID- 36169620 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221026 LR - 20230111 IS - 1399-3054 (Electronic) IS - 0031-9317 (Print) IS - 0031-9317 (Linking) VI - 174 IP - 5 DP - 2022 Sep TI - Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and gene duplication of the epigenetic regulators in Fagaceae. PG - e13788 LID - 10.1111/ppl.13788 [doi] LID - e13788 AB - Epigenetic regulators are proteins involved in controlling gene expression. Information about the epigenetic regulators within the Fagaceae, a relevant family of trees and shrubs of the northern hemisphere ecosystems, is scarce. With the intent to characterize these proteins in Fagaceae, we searched for orthologs of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and demethylases (DDMEs) and Histone modifiers involved in acetylation (HATs), deacetylation (HDACs), methylation (HMTs), and demethylation (HDMTs) in Fagus, Quercus, and Castanea genera. Blast searches were performed in the available genomes, and freely available RNA-seq data were used to de novo assemble transcriptomes. We identified homologs of seven DNMTs, three DDMEs, six HATs, 11 HDACs, 32 HMTs, and 21 HDMTs proteins. Protein analysis showed that most of them have the putative characteristic domains found in these protein families, which suggests their conserved function. Additionally, to elucidate the evolutionary history of these genes within Fagaceae, paralogs were identified, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with DNA and histone modifiers. We detected duplication events in all species analyzed with higher frequency in Quercus and Castanea and discuss the evidence of transposable elements adjacent to paralogs and their involvement in gene duplication. The knowledge gathered from this work is a steppingstone to upcoming studies concerning epigenetic regulation in this economically important family of Fagaceae. CI - (c) 2022 The Authors. Physiologia Plantarum published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society. FAU - Alves, Sofia AU - Alves S AD - LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. FAU - Braga, Angelo AU - Braga A AD - Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. FAU - Parreira, Denise AU - Parreira D AD - Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. FAU - Alhinho, Ana Teresa AU - Alhinho AT AD - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. FAU - Silva, Helena AU - Silva H AD - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. FAU - Ramos, Miguel Jesus Nunes AU - Ramos MJN AD - LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. FAU - Costa, Maria Manuela Ribeiro AU - Costa MMR AD - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. FAU - Morais-Cecilio, Leonor AU - Morais-Cecilio L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9313-2253 AD - LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. LA - eng GR - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-027980/PTDC/ASP-SIL/27980/2017/Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia/ GR - SFRH/BD/136834/2018/Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia/ GR - SFRH/BD/146660/2019/Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia/ GR - UID/AGR/04129/2020/Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia/ GR - UIDB/04050/2020/Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia/ PT - Journal Article PL - Denmark TA - Physiol Plant JT - Physiologia plantarum JID - 1256322 RN - 0 (Histones) RN - 0 (DNA Transposable Elements) RN - EC 3.5.1.98 (Histone Deacetylases) RN - EC 2.1.1.- (Methyltransferases) SB - IM MH - Phylogeny MH - *Histones/genetics/metabolism MH - Gene Duplication MH - Epigenesis, Genetic MH - DNA Transposable Elements MH - Ecosystem MH - Histone Deacetylases/genetics/metabolism MH - *Quercus/metabolism MH - Methyltransferases/genetics PMC - PMC9828519 EDAT- 2022/09/29 06:00 MHDA- 2022/10/27 06:00 PMCR- 2023/01/09 CRDT- 2022/09/28 10:33 PHST- 2022/09/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/06/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/09/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/09/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/10/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/09/28 10:33 [entrez] PHST- 2023/01/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PPL13788 [pii] AID - 10.1111/ppl.13788 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Physiol Plant. 2022 Sep;174(5):e13788. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13788.