PMID- 36172645
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230802
LR  - 20230804
IS  - 1756-6053 (Electronic)
IS  - 0023-8309 (Print)
IS  - 0023-8309 (Linking)
VI  - 66
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 Sep
TI  - Phonetic and Lexical Encoding of Tone in Cantonese Heritage Speakers.
PG  - 652-677
LID - 10.1177/00238309221122090 [doi]
AB  - Heritage speakers contend with at least two languages: the less dominant first 
      language (L1), that is, the heritage language, and the more dominant second 
      language (L2). In some cases, their L1 and L2 bear striking phonological 
      differences. In the current study, we investigate Toronto-born Cantonese heritage 
      speakers and their maintenance of Cantonese lexical tone, a linguistic feature 
      that is absent from English, the more dominant L2. Across two experiments, 
      Cantonese heritage speakers were tested on their phonetic/phonological and 
      lexical encoding of tone in Cantonese. Experiment 1 was an AX discrimination task 
      with varying inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs), which revealed that heritage 
      speakers discriminated tone pairs with disparate pitch contours better than those 
      with shared pitch contours. Experiment 2 was a medium-term repetition priming 
      experiment, designed to extend the findings of Experiment 1 by examining tone 
      representations at the lexical level. We observed a positive correlation between 
      English dominance and priming in tone minimal pairs that shared contours. Thus, 
      while increased English dominance does not affect heritage speakers' 
      phonological-level representations, tasks that require lexical access suggest 
      that heritage Cantonese speakers may not robustly and fully distinctively encode 
      Cantonese tone in lexical memory.
FAU - Soo, Rachel
AU  - Soo R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9474-9308
AD  - Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of 
      Language Studies, University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada; Department of 
      Linguistics, University of Toronto, Canada.
FAU - Monahan, Philip J
AU  - Monahan PJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8637-1889
AD  - Department of Language Studies, University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada; 
      Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of 
      Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220928
PL  - England
TA  - Lang Speech
JT  - Language and speech
JID - 2985214R
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Phonetics
MH  - *Speech Perception
MH  - Language
PMC - PMC10394972
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cantonese
OT  - Heritage speakers
OT  - lexical decision
OT  - lexical tone
OT  - phonetic encoding
OT  - priming
EDAT- 2022/09/30 06:00
MHDA- 2023/08/02 06:42
PMCR- 2023/08/02
CRDT- 2022/09/29 02:42
PHST- 2023/08/02 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/29 02:42 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/08/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_00238309221122090 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/00238309221122090 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Lang Speech. 2023 Sep;66(3):652-677. doi: 10.1177/00238309221122090. Epub 2022 
      Sep 28.