PMID- 36185598 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221004 LR - 20221020 IS - 1838-7640 (Electronic) IS - 1838-7640 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 15 DP - 2022 TI - MCM6 is a critical transcriptional target of YAP to promote gastric tumorigenesis and serves as a therapeutic target. PG - 6509-6526 LID - 10.7150/thno.75431 [doi] AB - Rationale: Hyperactivation of Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway governs tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Here we reveal that minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6) is a critical transcriptional target of YAP in GC. We aim to investigate the function, mechanism of action, and clinical implication of MCM6 in GC. Methods: The downstream targets of YAP were screened by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microarray, and further validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR and luciferase reporter assays. The clinical implication of MCM6 was assessed in multiple GC cohorts. Biological function of MCM6 was evaluated in vitro, in patient-derived organoids, and in vivo. RNA-seq was performed to unravel downstream signaling of MCM6. Potential MCM6 inhibitor was identified and the effect of MCM6 inhibition on GC growth was evaluated. Results: Integrative RNA sequencing and microarray analyses revealed MCM6 as a potential YAP downstream target in GC. The YAP-TEAD complex bound to the promoter of MCM6 to induce its transcription. Increased MCM6 expression was commonly observed in human GC tissues and predicted poor patients survival. MCM6 knockdown suppressed proliferation and migration of GC cells and patient-derived organoids, and attenuated xenograft growth and peritoneal metastasis in mice. Mechanistically, MCM6 activated PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta signaling to support YAP-potentiated gastric tumorigenicity and metastasis. Furthermore, MCM6 deficiency sensitized GC cells to chemo- or radiotherapy by causing DNA breaks and blocking ATR/Chk1-mediated DNA damage response (DDR), leading to exacerbated cell death and tumor regression. As there are no available MCM6 inhibitors, we performed high-throughput virtual screening and identified purpureaside C as a novel MCM6 inhibitor. Purpureaside C not only suppressed GC growth but also synergized with 5-fluorouracil to induce cell death. Conclusions: Hyperactivated YAP in GC induces MCM6 transcription via binding to its promoter. YAP-MCM6 axis facilitates GC progression by inducing PI3K/Akt signaling. Targeting MCM6 suppresses GC growth and sensitizes GC cells to genotoxic agents by modulating ATR/Chk1-dependent DDR, providing a promising strategy for GC treatment. CI - (c) The author(s). FAU - Wang, Yifei AU - Wang Y AD - Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Chen, Huarong AU - Chen H AD - Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Liu, Weixin AU - Liu W AD - Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Yan, Huan AU - Yan H AD - Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Zhang, Yihan AU - Zhang Y AD - Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Cheung, Alvin H K AU - Cheung AHK AD - Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Zhang, Jinglin AU - Zhang J AD - Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Chen, Bonan AU - Chen B AD - Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Liang, Li AU - Liang L AD - Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Zhou, Zhaocai AU - Zhou Z AD - State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. FAU - Wong, Chi Chun AU - Wong CC AD - Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Wu, William K K AU - Wu WKK AD - Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Chan, Michael W Y AU - Chan MWY AD - Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan. FAU - Cheng, Alfred S L AU - Cheng ASL AD - School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Ma, Brigette B Y AU - Ma BBY AD - State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Yu, Jun AU - Yu J AD - Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Lo, Kwok Wai AU - Lo KW AD - Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - To, Ka Fai AU - To KF AD - Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. FAU - Kang, Wei AU - Kang W AD - Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. AD - State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220906 PL - Australia TA - Theranostics JT - Theranostics JID - 101552395 RN - 0 (YAP-Signaling Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt) RN - EC 3.6.4.12 (MCM6 protein, human) RN - EC 3.6.4.12 (Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 6) RN - U3P01618RT (Fluorouracil) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Carcinogenesis/genetics MH - Cell Line, Tumor MH - Cell Proliferation/genetics MH - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics MH - Fluorouracil/therapeutic use MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic MH - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Mice MH - Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 6/genetics/metabolism MH - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism MH - *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism MH - *Stomach Neoplasms/pathology MH - YAP-Signaling Proteins PMC - PMC9516235 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Gastric cancer OT - MCM6 OT - PI3K/Akt OT - YAP OT - therapeutic target. COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists. EDAT- 2022/10/04 06:00 MHDA- 2022/10/05 06:00 PMCR- 2022/01/01 CRDT- 2022/10/03 04:22 PHST- 2022/05/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/08/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/10/03 04:22 [entrez] PHST- 2022/10/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/10/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - thnov12p6509 [pii] AID - 10.7150/thno.75431 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Theranostics. 2022 Sep 6;12(15):6509-6526. doi: 10.7150/thno.75431. eCollection 2022.