PMID- 36207724
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221011
LR  - 20221011
IS  - 1472-6963 (Electronic)
IS  - 1472-6963 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Oct 7
TI  - Ensuring vaccine potency and availability: how evidence shaped Gavi's 
      Immunization Supply Chain Strategy.
PG  - 1237
LID - 10.1186/s12913-022-08616-9 [doi]
LID - 1237
AB  - BACKGROUND: In 2014, Gavi and partners developed a global Immunization Supply 
      Chain (iSC) Strategy, 2015-2020, which prioritized functioning cold chain 
      equipment (CCE) and additional storage capacity. In 2016, Gavi launched the Cold 
      Chain Equipment Optimization Platform (CCEOP) as a funding mechanism to improve 
      CCE availability. In 2018, Gavi commissioned an evaluation of CCEOP in Guinea, 
      Kenya and Pakistan. The global iSC Strategy has recently been revised, drawing on 
      findings from effective vaccine management assessments and practical experiences. 
      This case study presents the CCEOP evaluation and how its findings reinforced the 
      revision of the iSC strategy. METHODS: The CCEOP evaluation used a prospective 
      mixed-methods research design in all three countries involving key informant 
      interviews at multiple levels of the health system, document reviews, direct 
      observation (as and when possible), and a health facility assessment. RESULTS: 
      Results show that CCEOP was effective at increasing the number of available and 
      reliable CCE, and establishing improved management processes using the project 
      management team (PMT) approach for country management systems and the service 
      bundle provider approach for installation and maintenance. CCEOP also extended 
      the iSC and immunization services in countries. The evaluation results also show 
      gaps in the overall supply chain system, including CCE maintenance. DISCUSSION: 
      Gavi has recently revised its iSC strategy, which has addressed gaps identified 
      through assessments and practical experiences from stakeholders. Results of the 
      CCEOP evaluation reinforce many of these findings. The strategy now provides more 
      emphasis on supporting the fundamental infrastructure and establishing strong 
      processes for maintenance. It also emphasizes strategic planning and forward 
      thinking for iSC decisions, building on the processes established for the PMT 
      through CCEOP. The original iSC strategy was an impetus for the establishment of 
      CCEOP. The new strategy reflects shifting trends and priorities to fill gaps 
      identified through practical experience, advocated for by stakeholders and 
      thought leaders engaged in the iSC, and validated by the evaluation. It 
      demonstrates the importance of aligning stakeholders with clear objectives and a 
      sound strategy.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Prosser, Wendy
AU  - Prosser W
AD  - John Snow, Inc, Washington, DC, USA. wendy_prosser@jsi.com.
FAU - Sagar, Karan
AU  - Sagar K
AD  - Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland.
FAU - Seidel, Michelle
AU  - Seidel M
AD  - UNICEF, New York, USA.
FAU - Alva, Soumya
AU  - Alva S
AD  - John Snow, Inc, Washington, DC, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - PP65501217A24/GAVI Alliance/
GR  - PP65501217A24/GAVI Alliance/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221007
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JT  - BMC health services research
JID - 101088677
RN  - 0 (Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunization
MH  - *Immunization Programs
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Vaccine Potency
MH  - *Vaccines
PMC - PMC9540167
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gavi
OT  - Immunization
OT  - Strategy
OT  - Supply chain
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/10/08 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/12 06:00
PMCR- 2022/10/07
CRDT- 2022/10/07 23:49
PHST- 2021/12/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/07 23:49 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/10/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12913-022-08616-9 [pii]
AID - 8616 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12913-022-08616-9 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Oct 7;22(1):1237. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08616-9.