PMID- 36212488
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221011
IS  - 2234-943X (Print)
IS  - 2234-943X (Electronic)
IS  - 2234-943X (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2022
TI  - Focus on pattern recognition receptors to identify prognosis and immune 
      microenvironment in colon cancer.
PG  - 1010023
LID - 10.3389/fonc.2022.1010023 [doi]
LID - 1010023
AB  - In 2011, J. Hoffman, and B. Beutler won the Nobel Prize of medicine for the fact 
      that they discovered the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and meanwhile 
      described their effect on cell activation from the innate and adaptive immune 
      systems. There are more and more evidences that have proved the obvious effect of 
      PRRs on tumorigenesis progression. Nevertheless, the overall impact of PRR genes 
      on prognosis, tumor microenvironmental characteristics and treatment response in 
      patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains unclear. In this research, we 
      systematically assessed 20 PRR genes and comprehensively identified the 
      prognostic value and enrichment degree of PRRs. The unsupervised clustering 
      approach was employed for dividing COAD into 4 PRR subtypes, namely cluster A, 
      cluster B, cluster C and cluster D, which were significantly different in terms 
      of the clinical features, the immune infiltrations, and the functions. Among 
      them, cluster B has better immune activities and functions. Cox and LASSO 
      regression analysis was further applied to identify a prognostic five-PRR-based 
      risk signature. Such signature can well predict patients' overall survival (OS), 
      together with a good robustness. Confounding parameters were controlled, with 
      results indicating the ability of risk score to independently predict COAD 
      patients' OS. Besides, a nomogram with a strong reliability was created for 
      enhancing the viability exhibited by the risk score in clinical practice. Also, 
      patients who were classified based on the risk score owned distinguishable immune 
      status and tumor mutation status, response to immunotherapy, as well as 
      sensitivity to chemotherapy. A low risk score, featuring increased tumor stemness 
      index (TSI), human leukocyte antigen (HLA), immune checkpoints, and immune 
      activation, demonstrated a superior immunotherapeutic response. According to the 
      study results, the prognostic PRR-based risk signature could serve as a robust 
      biomarker for predicting the clinical outcomes as well as evaluating therapeutic 
      response for COAD patients.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Ren and Zhang.
FAU - Ren, Pengtao
AU  - Ren P
AD  - Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical 
      University, Shijiazhuang, China.
FAU - Zhang, Yuan
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Electrocardiogram Room, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 
      Shijiazhuang, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220923
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Oncol
JT  - Frontiers in oncology
JID - 101568867
PMC - PMC9539811
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - colon adenocarcinoma
OT  - immunotherapy
OT  - pattern recognition receptors
OT  - prognosis
OT  - tumor microenvionment
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/10/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/11 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/10/10 04:12
PHST- 2022/08/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/10 04:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/10/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fonc.2022.1010023 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Oncol. 2022 Sep 23;12:1010023. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1010023. eCollection 
      2022.