PMID- 36234019
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221019
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 19
DP  - 2022 Sep 26
TI  - Sustainable Machining of Mg-9Al-1.4Zn Foam Used for Temporary Biomedical Implant 
      Using Cryogenic Cooling.
LID - 10.3390/ma15196678 [doi]
LID - 6678
AB  - In this study, the drilling performance of biodegradable grade Mg-9Al-1.4Zn alloy 
      reinforced with hollow thin-walled Al(2)O(3) microspheres is inspected under 
      different coolant environments such as dry, Almag((R)) mineral oil, and liquid 
      nitrogen. Drilling experiments were carried out using titanium aluminum nitride 
      PVD coated and uncoated K10 tools on varying volume fractions of magnesium 
      syntactic foams (5%, 10%, and 15%) reinforced with hollow Al(2)O(3) microspheres. 
      Test results showed a 30-60% higher thrust force generated with liquid nitrogen 
      drilling in comparison to dry and oil-based drilling while cutting higher volume 
      fraction foams. Higher microsphere volume fractions of syntactic foam recorded 
      higher machining forces, which is roughly a 200% increase as the volume fraction 
      raised to 15%. The performance of TiAlN PVD tool coating is reflected through a 
      reduction in thrust forces by 20% during cryogenic drilling. Scanning electron 
      microscope (SEM) investigation of cryogenic-machined bore surfaces showed minimal 
      drilling-induced surface defects compared to dry and Almag((R)) mineral oil 
      conditions. A three-dimensional, thermo-mechanical finite element-based model for 
      drilling Mg-9Al-1.4Zn syntactic foam using AdvantEdge(TM) is developed for 
      different sustainable lubrication conditions. Surface finish (Ra) showed a 45-55% 
      improvement during cryogenic drilling of 15% syntactic foams with minimized 
      subsurface damages compared to dry and wet cutting conditions. The higher the 
      volume fraction, the higher the surface roughness (Ra) and thrust force under 
      cryogenic machining.
FAU - Mohammed, Abdalla
AU  - Mohammed A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1382-5701
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 
      P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Kannan, Sathish
AU  - Kannan S
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 
      P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Pervaiz, Salman
AU  - Pervaiz S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2425-5441
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Dubai 
      P.O. Box 341055, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Ali, Shafahat
AU  - Ali S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0782-6396
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Dubai 
      P.O. Box 341055, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Thomas, Kevin K
AU  - Thomas KK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0129-5651
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 
      P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Karthikeyan, Ramanujam
AU  - Karthikeyan R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7401-7698
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai P.O. Box 
      345055, United Arab Emirates.
LA  - eng
GR  - FRG21-M-E88/American University of Sharjah/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220926
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC9572567
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Mg-9Al-1.4Zn foam
OT  - hole drilling
OT  - machining forces
OT  - surface integrity
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/15 06:01
PMCR- 2022/09/26
CRDT- 2022/10/14 02:19
PHST- 2022/08/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/09/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/14 02:19 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma15196678 [pii]
AID - materials-15-06678 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma15196678 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2022 Sep 26;15(19):6678. doi: 10.3390/ma15196678.