PMID- 36234219
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221019
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 19
DP  - 2022 Oct 3
TI  - State-of-the-Art Review on Engineering Uses of Calcium Phosphate Compounds: An 
      Eco-Friendly Approach for Soil Improvement.
LID - 10.3390/ma15196878 [doi]
LID - 6878
AB  - Greenhouse gas emissions are a critical problem nowadays. The cement 
      manufacturing sector alone accounts for 8% of all human-generated emissions, and 
      as the world's population grows and globalization intensifies, this sector will 
      require significantly more resources. In order to fulfill the need of 
      geomaterials for construction and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the 
      atmosphere, conventional approaches to soil reinforcement need to be 
      reconsidered. Calcium phosphate compounds (CPCs) are new materials that have only 
      recently found their place in the soil reinforcement field. Its eco-friendly, 
      non-toxic, reaction pathway is highly dependent on the pH of the medium and the 
      concentration of components inside the solution. CPCs has advantages over the two 
      most common environmental methods of soil reinforcement, microbial-induced 
      carbonate precipitation (MICP) and enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP); 
      with CPCs, the ammonium problem can be neutralized and thus allowed to be applied 
      in the field. In this review paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the 
      engineering uses of CPCs for soil improvement have been discussed. Additionally, 
      the process of how CPCs perform has been studied and an analysis of existing 
      studies related to soil reinforcement by CPC implementation was conducted.
FAU - Avramenko, Maksym
AU  - Avramenko M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8876-7737
AD  - Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, 
      Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
FAU - Nakashima, Kazunori
AU  - Nakashima K
AD  - Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido 
      University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
FAU - Kawasaki, Satoru
AU  - Kawasaki S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7984-928X
AD  - Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido 
      University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20221003
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC9572721
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - calcium phosphate compounds (CPCs)
OT  - calcium phosphate precipitation
OT  - novel grout material
OT  - soil improvement
OT  - sustainable geotechnics
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2022/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/15 06:01
PMCR- 2022/10/03
CRDT- 2022/10/14 02:21
PHST- 2022/08/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/09/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/14 02:21 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma15196878 [pii]
AID - materials-15-06878 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma15196878 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2022 Oct 3;15(19):6878. doi: 10.3390/ma15196878.