PMID- 36235805
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221229
LR  - 20230308
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 19
DP  - 2022 Oct 6
TI  - The Effects of Breastfeeding for Four Months on Thinness, Overweight, and Obesity 
      in Children Aged 3 to 6 Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study from National 
      Physical Fitness Surveillance of Jiangsu Province, China.
LID - 10.3390/nu14194154 [doi]
LID - 4154
AB  - Objective: To explore the effects of breastfeeding during the first four months 
      of life on thinness, overweight, and obesity and to analyze the influential 
      factors in children aged three to six years in eastern China. Methods: This study 
      was designed as a retrospective cohort study, and the Strengthening the Reporting 
      of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were followed. A 
      total of 8053 subjects were included in this secondary analysis of data from the 
      2015 "Physical Fitness Surveillance data of Jiangsu, China". The subjects were 
      classified into three groups on the basis of feeding patterns: breastfeeding, 
      mixed feeding, and formula feeding. The International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) 
      definitions of BMI were used to define thinness, overweight, and obesity. 
      Multivariate logistic regression models and subgroup analysis were used to assess 
      the association between feeding patterns and childhood thinness, overweight, 
      obesity, and overweight/obesity, adjusted for potential confounders (sex, age 
      grade, area, region/economy, gestational age, birthweight, childbearing age, 
      mother's education, and caretaker). Results: The prevalence of breastfeeding was 
      63.8%, and the prevalence of thinness, overweight, obesity, and 
      overweight/obesity reached 2.7%, 11.2%, 4.7%, and 15.9%, respectively. 
      Breastfeeding participants had a lower risk of overweight and overweight/obesity 
      with adjusted ORs of 0.652 (95% CI: 0.533, 0.797; p < 0.001) and 0.721 (95% CI: 
      0.602, 0.862; p < 0.001), respectively; however, there was no difference in 
      thinness and obesity (both p > 0.05) compared with formula feeding. There was no 
      statistical difference between mixed and formula feeding, in terms of thinness, 
      overweight, obesity, or overweight/obesity (all p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis 
      showed that breastfeeding for three years, preterm, and a childbearing age of 
      25-29 years had higher adjusted ORs for thinness, and in 5-6 years, urban areas, 
      southern/developed economy regions, post-mature, childbearing age >/= 25 years, and 
      other caretakers had higher and invalid breastfeeding-adjusted ORs (all p > 0.05 
      except overweight in the urban grade) for both overweight and overweight/obesity. 
      Conclusions: Breastfeeding during the first four months was not associated with 
      the thinness of children aged 3-6 years in eastern China, and the protective 
      effect of breastfeeding against overweight or overweight/obesity could be 
      confirmed. However, the effects of breastfeeding on thinness, overweight, and 
      obesity may change or become invalid in some subgroups, suggesting that there may 
      be potential interactions between feeding patterns and influential factors.
FAU - Huang, Huiming
AU  - Huang H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1150-424X
AD  - Faculty of Sports Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, 
      Ningbo 315211, China.
FAU - Gao, Yanan
AU  - Gao Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3641-5449
AD  - Faculty of Sports Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, 
      Ningbo 315211, China.
FAU - Zhu, Na
AU  - Zhu N
AD  - Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science, Nanjing 210034, China.
FAU - Yuan, Guoqing
AU  - Yuan G
AD  - Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science, Nanjing 210034, China.
FAU - Li, Xiaohan
AU  - Li X
AD  - Faculty of Sports Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, 
      Ningbo 315211, China.
FAU - Feng, Yong
AU  - Feng Y
AD  - Faculty of Sports Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, 
      Ningbo 315211, China.
FAU - Gao, Linna
AU  - Gao L
AD  - Faculty of Sports Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, 
      Ningbo 315211, China.
FAU - Yu, Junwu
AU  - Yu J
AD  - Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo 315099, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 18BTY100/National Social Science Foundation of China/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
DEP - 20221006
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Electrolytes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Breast Feeding
MH  - China/epidemiology
MH  - Electrolytes
MH  - Overweight/epidemiology
MH  - *Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control
MH  - Physical Fitness
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - *Thinness/epidemiology
PMC - PMC9571296
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - breastfeeding
OT  - effect
OT  - obesity
OT  - overweight
OT  - retrospective cohort study
OT  - thinness
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/18 06:00
PMCR- 2022/10/06
CRDT- 2022/10/14 02:32
PHST- 2022/07/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/10/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/14 02:32 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu14194154 [pii]
AID - nutrients-14-04154 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu14194154 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2022 Oct 6;14(19):4154. doi: 10.3390/nu14194154.