PMID- 36236316
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221019
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 19
DP  - 2022 Sep 23
TI  - A System-on-a-Chip Implementation of a Post-Quantum Cryptography Scheme for Smart 
      Meter Data Communications.
LID - 10.3390/s22197214 [doi]
LID - 7214
AB  - The security of Smart Meter (SM) systems will be a challenge in the era of 
      quantum computing because a quantum computer might exploit characteristics of 
      well-established cryptographic schemes to reach a successful security breach. 
      From a practical perspective, this paper focuses on the feasibility of 
      implementing a quantum-secure lattice-based key encapsulation mechanism in a SM, 
      hardware-constrained equipment. In this regard, the post-quantum cryptography 
      (PQC) scheme, FrodoKEM, an alternate candidate for the National Institute for 
      Standards and Technology (NIST) post-quantum standardization process, is 
      implemented using a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) device in which the Field Programmable 
      Gate Array (FPGA) component is exploited to accelerate the most time-consuming 
      routines in this scheme. Experimental results show that the execution time to run 
      the FrodoKEM scheme in an SoC device reduces to one-third of that obtained by the 
      benchmark implementation (i.e., the software implementation). Also, the attained 
      execution time and hardware resource usage of this SoC-based implementation of 
      the FrodoKEM scheme show that lattice-based cryptography may fit into SM 
      equipment.
FAU - Costa, Vinicius Lagrota Rodrigues da
AU  - Costa VLRD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3272-8613
AD  - Engineering Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 
      36036-900, MG, Brazil.
FAU - Lopez, Julio
AU  - Lopez J
AD  - Institute of Computing, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 
      13083-852, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Ribeiro, Moises Vidal
AU  - Ribeiro MV
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6272-4675
AD  - Engineering Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 
      36036-900, MG, Brazil.
LA  - eng
GR  - 001/Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/
GR  - 001/National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/
GR  - 001/Instituto Nacional de Energia Eletrica/
GR  - 001/Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220923
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC9572865
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - post-quantum cryptography
OT  - smart grid
OT  - smart meter
OT  - system-on-a-chip
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/15 06:01
PMCR- 2022/09/23
CRDT- 2022/10/14 02:35
PHST- 2022/08/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/09/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/14 02:35 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s22197214 [pii]
AID - sensors-22-07214 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s22197214 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2022 Sep 23;22(19):7214. doi: 10.3390/s22197214.