PMID- 36238819
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221015
IS  - 2352-8273 (Print)
IS  - 2352-8273 (Electronic)
IS  - 2352-8273 (Linking)
VI  - 19
DP  - 2022 Sep
TI  - Effectiveness of modular approach in ensuring data quality in large-scale 
      surveys: Evidence from National Family Health Survey - 4 (2015-2016).
PG  - 101254
LID - 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101254 [doi]
LID - 101254
AB  - This study aims to examine the effect of administration of shorter and longer 
      versions of questionnaires on key indicators such as age displacement, birth 
      displacement, age heaping, and skipping questions on antenatal care (ANC) visits 
      and use of contraceptive methods in India using National Family Health Survey 
      (NFHS)-4 data. At the individual level, the effect of the adoption of the shorter 
      and longer versions of the questionnaires on the age displacement of women and 
      children and skipping of the key questions is insignificant. However, the results 
      from the two-level logistic regression model reveal that at the primary sampling 
      unit (PSU) level, work pressure, depending on the number of eligible women in a 
      household, emerges as a confounder in skipping certain questions, namely ANC 
      [1.18 (p < 0.09)] and contraceptive use [AOR = 1.17 (p < 0.05)]. To expand the 
      coverage of NFHS in providing state- and district-level estimates since 2015, the 
      overall sample size was increased from 88,562 households and 89,777 eligible 
      women in 1992-93 to 6,01,509 households and 6,99,686 eligible women in 2015-16. 
      As a strategy to reduce workload and non-sampling errors during the survey, a 
      nested design and modular approach were adopted to provide estimates of maternal 
      and child health indicators at the district/state level and sexual behaviour, 
      HIV/AIDS, and women's empowerment at the state level. It was hypothesised that a 
      longer version of the questionnaire canvassed in the state module may be 
      detrimental to data quality issues. The findings of this study establish the 
      effectiveness of adopting a modular approach in large-scale surveys, depending on 
      the scale of investigation. However, the differential workload calls for 
      expanding the duration of surveys in PSUs, where the number of eligible women is 
      higher. State level variation in the key data quality indicators may be partially 
      explained by differentials in the training of investigators by the agency and use 
      of translators.
CI  - (c) 2022 The Authors.
FAU - Singh, Shri Kant
AU  - Singh SK
AD  - Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for 
      Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
FAU - Sharma, Santosh Kumar
AU  - Sharma SK
AD  - International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
FAU - Rana, Md Juel
AU  - Rana MJ
AD  - International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
AD  - G. B. Pant Social Science Institute, Allahabad, India.
FAU - Porwal, Akash
AU  - Porwal A
AD  - Population Council, India.
FAU - Dwivedi, Laxmi Kant
AU  - Dwivedi LK
AD  - Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for 
      Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221004
PL  - England
TA  - SSM Popul Health
JT  - SSM - population health
JID - 101678841
PMC - PMC9550650
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Data quality
OT  - Modular approach
OT  - NFHS
OT  - Non-sampling error
OT  - Skipping
OT  - Translator
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/15 06:01
PMCR- 2022/10/04
CRDT- 2022/10/14 03:12
PHST- 2021/12/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/10/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/14 03:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2352-8273(22)00233-6 [pii]
AID - 101254 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101254 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - SSM Popul Health. 2022 Oct 4;19:101254. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101254. 
      eCollection 2022 Sep.