PMID- 36259312
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230117
LR  - 20230415
IS  - 1526-4998 (Electronic)
IS  - 1526-498X (Print)
IS  - 1526-498X (Linking)
VI  - 79
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - Framework for defining pesticide maximum residue levels in feed: applications to 
      cattle and sheep.
PG  - 748-759
LID - 10.1002/ps.7241 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pesticide residues in animal feed can endanger animal health and 
      compromise the safety of livestock products for human consumption. Even though 
      policymakers such as the European Union and the World Health Organization have 
      established maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides in both human food and 
      animal feed, there is no systematic management of pesticides in animal feed that 
      considers the entire supply chain. In response, we propose a framework for 
      defining consistent MRLs for pesticides in animal feed that assesses the impact 
      of defined MRLs on upstream (e.g., MRLs in feed crops) and downstream (e.g., MRLs 
      in livestock products) sectors of the livestock-product supply chain. RESULTS: 
      The MRLs determined for the selected pesticides in the feed of cattle and sheep 
      as case study animals indicate that lipophilic pesticides tend to have lower MRLs 
      than hydrophilic pesticides, primarily due to the relatively high toxicity and 
      biotransfer factors of lipophilic pesticides. In addition, we observe that, 
      primarily for lipophilic pesticides, upstream and downstream regulations are not 
      aligned in terms of defining MRLs in feed using current MRLs in crops with 
      relevance to feed and foods of animal origin. CONCLUSION: Some of the current 
      pesticide regulations in the livestock-product supply chain need to be 
      re-evaluated to ensure that MRLs in the upstream sector (i.e., crops) do not 
      result in unacceptable residues in the downstream sector (i.e., MRLs in livestock 
      products affecting animal and human health). Finally, we provide recommendations 
      for optimizing the derivation of MRLs in feed, including the evaluation of 
      residue fate during feed and food manufacturing processes. (c) 2022 The Authors. 
      Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society 
      of Chemical Industry.
CI  - (c) 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on 
      behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
FAU - Li, Zijian
AU  - Li Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9291-5966
AD  - School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
FAU - Fantke, Peter
AU  - Fantke P
AD  - Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource 
      Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
LA  - eng
GR  - National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - European Union/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221102
PL  - England
TA  - Pest Manag Sci
JT  - Pest management science
JID - 100898744
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Sheep
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - *Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Crops, Agricultural
MH  - Animal Feed
MH  - European Union
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
PMC - PMC10092036
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - animal husbandry
OT  - food safety
OT  - livestock health
OT  - pesticide regulation
OT  - plant protection products
EDAT- 2022/10/20 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/18 06:00
PMCR- 2023/04/12
CRDT- 2022/10/19 04:22
PHST- 2022/10/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/19 04:22 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PS7241 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/ps.7241 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pest Manag Sci. 2023 Feb;79(2):748-759. doi: 10.1002/ps.7241. Epub 2022 Nov 2.