PMID- 36265043
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230403
LR  - 20230508
IS  - 1939-1285 (Electronic)
IS  - 0278-7393 (Linking)
VI  - 49
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - The modulation of value-driven attentional capture by exploration for reward 
      information.
PG  - 181-197
LID - 10.1037/xlm0001189 [doi]
AB  - Previous studies on value-driven attentional capture (VDAC) have demonstrated 
      that the uncertainty of reward value modulates attentional allocation via 
      associative learning. However, it is unclear whether such attentional exploration 
      is executed based on the amount of potential reward information available for 
      refining value prediction or the absolute size of reward prediction error. The 
      present study investigated the effects of reward information (information 
      entropy) and prediction error (variance) on attentional bias while controlling 
      for the influence of the strength of reward association. Participants were 
      instructed to search for either a red or green target circle and respond to the 
      line orientation within the target. Each target color was associated with reward 
      contingencies with different levels of uncertainty. In Experiment 1, one color 
      was paired with a single reward value (zero entropy and variance) and the other 
      with multiple reward values (high entropy and variance). In Experiment 2, one 
      color had a high-entropy, low-variance reward contingency and the other had the 
      inverse. Attentional interference for distractors with high entropy was 
      consistently greater than low or zero entropy distractors. In addition, in 
      Experiment 3, when distractors with an identical level of variance were given, 
      information entropy was observed to modulate the attentional bias toward 
      distractors. Lastly, Experiment 4 revealed that distractors associated with 
      contrasting levels of variance, while information entropy was kept identical, 
      failed to modulate VDAC. These results indicate that value-based attention is 
      primarily allocated to cues that provide maximal information about the reward 
      outcomes and that information entropy is one of the key predictors mediating 
      attentional exploration and associative learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 
      2023 APA, all rights reserved).
FAU - Ju, Jangkyu
AU  - Ju J
AD  - School of Psychology, Korea University.
FAU - Cho, Yang Seok
AU  - Cho YS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8481-3740
AD  - School of Psychology, Korea University.
LA  - eng
GR  - Korean Government; Korean Research Foundation/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221020
PL  - United States
TA  - J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
JT  - Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
JID - 8207540
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Attention
MH  - *Cues
MH  - Conditioning, Classical
MH  - Uncertainty
MH  - Reward
MH  - Reaction Time
EDAT- 2022/10/21 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/03 06:41
CRDT- 2022/10/20 15:24
PHST- 2023/04/03 06:41 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/20 15:24 [entrez]
AID - 2023-11497-001 [pii]
AID - 10.1037/xlm0001189 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2023 Feb;49(2):181-197. doi: 10.1037/xlm0001189. 
      Epub 2022 Oct 20.