PMID- 36278892
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221220
LR  - 20230415
IS  - 1464-5491 (Electronic)
IS  - 0742-3071 (Print)
IS  - 0742-3071 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Jan
TI  - Sex disparities in medication prescribing amongst patients with type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus managed in primary care.
PG  - e14987
LID - 10.1111/dme.14987 [doi]
LID - e14987
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sex differences in clinical outcomes have been observed for patients 
      with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These could be related to sex disparities 
      in treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there are sex disparities in 
      medication prescribing amongst patients with T2DM. METHODS: A cohort study was 
      conducted using the Groningen Initiative to ANalyze Type 2 diabetes Treatment 
      (GIANTT) database, which includes data from primary care patients with T2DM from 
      the north of the Netherlands. Data on demographics, physical examinations, 
      laboratory measurements and prescribing were extracted. A set of validated 
      prescribing quality indicators assessing the prevalence, start, intensification 
      and safety of glucose-, lipid-, blood pressure- and albuminuria-lowering 
      medication was applied for the calendar year 2019. Univariate logistic regression 
      analyses were conducted. RESULTS: We included 10,456 patients (47% females). 
      Females were less often treated with metformin (81.7% vs. 86.5%; OR 0.70, 95% CI 
      0.61-0.80), and were less often prescribed a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone 
      inhibitor (RAAS-i) when treated with multiple blood pressure-lowering medicines 
      (81.9% vs. 89.3%; OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.46-0.64) or when having albuminuria (74.7% 
      vs. 82.1%; OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49-0.85) than males. Statin treatment was less 
      frequently started (19.7% vs. 24.7%; OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58-0.96) and prescribed 
      (58.7% vs. 63.9%; OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.89) in females. There were no 
      differences in starting and intensifying glucose-, blood pressure- and 
      albuminuria-lowering medication. CONCLUSIONS: Sex disparities in medication 
      prescribing amongst T2DM patients were seen, including less starting with statins 
      and potential undertreatment with RAAS-i in females. Such disparities may partly 
      explain higher excess risks for cardiovascular and renal complications associated 
      with diabetes observed in females.
CI  - (c) 2022 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on 
      behalf of Diabetes UK.
FAU - Ambroz, Martina
AU  - Ambroz M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1319-4898
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 
      University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
FAU - Geelink, Marit
AU  - Geelink M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0940-420X
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 
      University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
FAU - Smits, Kirsten P J
AU  - Smits KPJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4327-1997
AD  - Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud 
      University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - de Vries, Sieta T
AU  - de Vries ST
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6090-2434
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 
      University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
FAU - Denig, Petra
AU  - Denig P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7929-4739
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 
      University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20221114
PL  - England
TA  - Diabet Med
JT  - Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
JID - 8500858
RN  - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/epidemiology
MH  - Albuminuria/complications
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - *Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
MH  - Primary Health Care
MH  - Glucose
PMC - PMC10098565
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - medication treatment
OT  - prescribing quality indicators
OT  - quality of care
OT  - sex disparities
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/10/25 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/21 06:00
PMCR- 2023/04/13
CRDT- 2022/10/24 09:12
PHST- 2022/08/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/24 09:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - DME14987 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/dme.14987 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabet Med. 2023 Jan;40(1):e14987. doi: 10.1111/dme.14987. Epub 2022 Nov 14.