PMID- 36287450
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230308
IS  - 2226-4787 (Electronic)
IS  - 2226-4787 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 Oct 8
TI  - Predicting the Success of International Pharmacists in a Distance-Based US Doctor 
      of Pharmacy (PharmD) Program: Results from a 5-Year Cohort.
LID - 10.3390/pharmacy10050129 [doi]
LID - 129
AB  - Background: To establish the predictors of success in an international-trained 
      PharmD (ITPD) program between admission criteria and academic performance. 
      Methods: The primary outcome of this study was the correlation of admission 
      criteria with didactic and experiential grade point averages (GPA) for the first 
      5 years. Candidates meeting the minimum criteria completed a competency exam or 
      the US-Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Equivalency Exam (US-FPGEE). Tests of English 
      language proficiency (TOEFL(R) and ACTFL's Oral Proficiency Interview) plus 
      interview with faculty, students, and alumni were also required. Scores were 
      correlated with both didactic and experiential GPAs. Results: The 23 students 
      admitted to the ITPD program had a cumulative GPA of 3.72. There was a 
      significant correlation between total admissions score and the median pharmacy 
      and healthcare course category GPA (rho 0.53), but not other categories. The 
      composite TOEFL did not predict any performance but TOEFL writing and speaking 
      did correlate with advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) performance. The 
      OPI scores were associated with higher GPAs overall, in advanced integrated 
      clinical sciences, and APPEs. The admission interview scores consistently and 
      significantly correlated with preceptor-rated APPE GPA, practitioner skills, and 
      professionalism (rho > 0.5; p < 0.05). Performance in early courses significantly 
      predicted the performance in advanced courses and experiential performance (rho 
      0.48-0.61). Conclusion: The correlations between early and late course 
      performance demonstrated the cohesiveness of this program. Further study is 
      needed between the predictors of success using non-cognitive admission criteria.
FAU - Reynolds, Paul M
AU  - Reynolds PM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7159-0517
AD  - School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs, 
      12850 E Montview Blvd, V20 1116G, Aurora, CO 12850, USA.
FAU - Altiere, Ralph J
AU  - Altiere RJ
AD  - School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs, 
      12850 E Montview Blvd, V20 1116G, Aurora, CO 12850, USA.
FAU - Franson, Kari L
AU  - Franson KL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2314-179X
AD  - School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs, 
      12850 E Montview Blvd, V20 1116G, Aurora, CO 12850, USA.
AD  - Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California 
      School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
FAU - Brock, Tina P
AU  - Brock TP
AD  - School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs, 
      12850 E Montview Blvd, V20 1116G, Aurora, CO 12850, USA.
FAU - Malhotra, Jodie V
AU  - Malhotra JV
AD  - School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs, 
      12850 E Montview Blvd, V20 1116G, Aurora, CO 12850, USA.
FAU - Wagmaister, Rachel
AU  - Wagmaister R
AD  - School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs, 
      12850 E Montview Blvd, V20 1116G, Aurora, CO 12850, USA.
FAU - Gleason, Shaun Ellen
AU  - Gleason SE
AD  - School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs, 
      12850 E Montview Blvd, V20 1116G, Aurora, CO 12850, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221008
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmacy (Basel)
JT  - Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101678532
PMC - PMC9611323
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - academic performance
OT  - education, distance
OT  - education, pharmacy
OT  - global health
OT  - health education
OT  - international educational exchange
OT  - school admission criteria
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/10/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/27 06:01
PMCR- 2022/10/08
CRDT- 2022/10/26 11:23
PHST- 2022/08/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/10/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/26 11:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/10/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - pharmacy10050129 [pii]
AID - pharmacy-10-00129 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/pharmacy10050129 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pharmacy (Basel). 2022 Oct 8;10(5):129. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy10050129.