PMID- 36291215 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20221030 IS - 2076-3425 (Print) IS - 2076-3425 (Electronic) IS - 2076-3425 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 10 DP - 2022 Sep 23 TI - A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Youth Cannabis Use: Alterations in Executive Control, Social Cognition/Emotion Processing, and Reward Processing in Cannabis Using Youth. LID - 10.3390/brainsci12101281 [doi] LID - 1281 AB - Background: Adolescent cannabis use (CU) is associated with adverse health outcomes and may be increasing in response to changing cannabis laws. Recent imaging studies have identified differences in brain activity between adult CU and controls that are more prominent in early onset users. Whether these differences are present in adolescent CU and relate to age/developmental stage, sex, or cannabis exposure is unknown. Methods: A systematic review and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analysis were conducted to examine differences in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response during fMRI studies between CU and non-using typically developing (TD) youth. Supplemental analyses investigated differences in BOLD signal in CU and TD youth as a function of sex, psychiatric comorbidity, and the dose and severity of cannabis exposure. Results: From 1371 citations, 45 fMRI studies were identified for inclusion in the SDM meta-analysis. These studies compared BOLD response contrasts in 1216 CU and 1486 non-using TD participants. In primary meta-analyses stratified by cognitive paradigms, CU (compared to TD) youth showed greater activation in the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) and decreased activation in the dorsal mPFC (dmPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during executive control and social cognition/emotion processing, respectively. In meta-regression analyses and subgroup meta-analyses, sex, cannabis use disorder (CUD) severity, and psychiatric comorbidity were correlated with brain activation differences between CU and TD youth in mPFC and insular cortical regions. Activation differences in the caudate, thalamus, insula, dmPFC/dACC, and precentral and postcentral gyri varied as a function of the length of abstinence. Conclusions: Using an SDM meta-analytic approach, this report identified differences in neuronal response between CU and TD youth during executive control, emotion processing, and reward processing in cortical and subcortical brain regions that varied as a function of sex, CUD severity, psychiatric comorbidity, and length of abstinence. Whether aberrant brain function in CU youth is attributable to common predispositional factors, cannabis-induced neuroadaptive changes, or both warrants further investigation. FAU - Hammond, Christopher J AU - Hammond CJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3540-8201 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. FAU - Allick, Aliyah AU - Allick A AD - Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. FAU - Park, Grace AU - Park G AD - Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. FAU - Rizwan, Bushra AU - Rizwan B AD - Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. FAU - Kim, Kwon AU - Kim K AD - Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. FAU - Lebo, Rachael AU - Lebo R AD - Wegner Health Sciences Library, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA. FAU - Nanavati, Julie AU - Nanavati J AD - Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. FAU - Parvaz, Muhammad A AU - Parvaz MA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2671-2327 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. AD - Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. FAU - Ivanov, Iliyan AU - Ivanov I AD - Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. LA - eng GR - K12DA000357/American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ GR - 2020147/DDCF/Doris Duke Charitable Foundation/United States GR - K01DA043615/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - Bridge Grant/Johns Hopkins Medicine/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220923 PL - Switzerland TA - Brain Sci JT - Brain sciences JID - 101598646 PMC - PMC9599849 OTO - NOTNLM OT - abstinence OT - adolescence OT - brain activation OT - cannabis use OT - emotion processing OT - executive control OT - fMRI OT - meta-analysis OT - reward processing OT - sex differences COIS- The authors report no conflict of interest related to the content in this manuscript. Dr. Hammond receives grant support from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (Bench to Bedside Award and K12DA000357), the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA, H79 SP082126-01), the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Grant# 2020147), the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC), the Johns Hopkins Consortium for School-based Health Solutions, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, serves as a subject matter expert and consultant for SAMHSA, serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for Forbes & Manhattan, and has received honoraria in the past 12-months for meeting participation from NIDA, AACAP, NNDC, and Psychiatric Times. Dr. Parvaz receives grant support from NIDA (K01DA043615). EDAT- 2022/10/28 06:00 MHDA- 2022/10/28 06:01 PMCR- 2022/09/23 CRDT- 2022/10/27 01:10 PHST- 2022/07/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/09/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/09/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/10/27 01:10 [entrez] PHST- 2022/10/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/10/28 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/09/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - brainsci12101281 [pii] AID - brainsci-12-01281 [pii] AID - 10.3390/brainsci12101281 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Brain Sci. 2022 Sep 23;12(10):1281. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12101281.