PMID- 36294662
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221030
IS  - 2309-608X (Electronic)
IS  - 2309-608X (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 10
DP  - 2022 Oct 18
TI  - Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, 
      and Treatment.
LID - 10.3390/jof8101098 [doi]
LID - 1098
AB  - Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America 
      caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. In the last two 
      decades, enhanced understanding of the phylogenetic species concept and molecular 
      variations has led to changes in this genus' taxonomic classification. Although 
      the impact of the new species on clinical presentation and treatment remains 
      unclear, they can influence diagnosis when serological methods are employed. 
      Further, although the infection is usually acquired in rural areas, the symptoms 
      may manifest years or decades later when the patient might be living in the city 
      or even in another country outside the endemic region. Brazil accounts for 80% of 
      PCM cases worldwide, and its incidence is rising in the northern part of the 
      country (Amazon region), owing to new settlements and deforestation, whereas it 
      is decreasing in the south, owing to agriculture mechanization and urbanization. 
      Clusters of the acute/subacute form are also emerging in areas with major human 
      intervention and climate change. Advances in diagnostic methods (molecular and 
      immunological techniques and biomarkers) remain scarce, and even the reference 
      center's diagnostics are based mainly on direct microscopic examination. 
      Classical imaging findings in the lungs include interstitial bilateral 
      infiltrates, and eventually, enlargement or calcification of adrenals and 
      intraparenchymal central nervous system lesions are also present. Besides 
      itraconazole, cotrimoxazole, and amphotericin B, new azoles may be an alternative 
      when the previous ones are not tolerated, although few studies have investigated 
      their use in treating PCM.
FAU - Pecanha, Paulo Mendes
AU  - Pecanha PM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1387-5554
AD  - Department of Medical Clinic, Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University 
      of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29043900, Brazil.
FAU - Pecanha-Pietrobom, Paula Massaroni
AU  - Pecanha-Pietrobom PM
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of 
      Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04039032, Brazil.
FAU - Grao-Velloso, Tania Regina
AU  - Grao-Velloso TR
AD  - Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 
      29043900, Brazil.
FAU - Rosa Junior, Marcos
AU  - Rosa Junior M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8668-2804
AD  - Department of Medical Clinic, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), 
      Vitoria 29043900, Brazil.
FAU - Falqueto, Aloisio
AU  - Falqueto A
AD  - Department of Medical Clinic, Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University 
      of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29043900, Brazil.
FAU - Goncalves, Sarah Santos
AU  - Goncalves SS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4170-4445
AD  - Department of Pathology, Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Center for 
      Research in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), 
      Vitoria 29043900, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20221018
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Fungi (Basel)
JT  - Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101671827
PMC - PMC9605487
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Paracoccidioides spp.
OT  - endemic mycosis
OT  - paracoccidioidomycosis
OT  - thermodimorphic fungi
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/10/28 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/28 06:01
PMCR- 2022/10/18
CRDT- 2022/10/27 01:32
PHST- 2022/09/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/10/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/10/27 01:32 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/10/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jof8101098 [pii]
AID - jof-08-01098 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/jof8101098 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Oct 18;8(10):1098. doi: 10.3390/jof8101098.