PMID- 36307375
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230810
IS  - 1539-6924 (Electronic)
IS  - 0272-4332 (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 8
DP  - 2023 Aug
TI  - Life cycle environmental impacts of consumer packaging products in Japan.
PG  - 1682-1693
LID - 10.1111/risa.14031 [doi]
AB  - Several Japanese companies and the government are recently promoting a plastic 
      ban and imposing a tax levy to curb litter and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 
      This has led to a rapid rise of nonplastic packaging alternatives. While plastics 
      and litter are pressing concerns, it is paramount to examine environmental risks 
      of other alternatives before wide application and legislative action, to not 
      further the risk of environmental damage. This study aims to quantify and compare 
      plastic products such as polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) bottles and 
      high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bags with widely available alternatives in Japan 
      like glass bottles, aluminum bottles, paper bags, and textile bags, to find a 
      product with the least environmental impact. A life cycle assessment is conducted 
      from a cradle-to-grave environmental impact approach that includes raw material 
      extraction, production, transportation, end-of-life treatment, and disposal. 
      Sixteen impact categories including climate change, acidification, 
      aquatic-toxicity, so forth, and weighing is assessed using the MiLCA software. 
      The functional unit is one piece of each packaging product, and impacts of 
      product-filling, storage, recycling, and reuse are excluded for a consistent 
      comparison. HDPE bags performed better than paper and textile bags in 15 of the 
      16 analyzed impact categories. Similarly, PET bottles outperformed aluminum and 
      glass bottles in 12 out of the 16 impact categories analyzed. Weighted results 
      also highlight the heightened negative environmental impacts of replacing plastic 
      packaging with widely available alternatives.
CI  - (c) 2022 Society for Risk Analysis.
FAU - Pragati, Pooja
AU  - Pragati P
AD  - Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan.
FAU - Maeda, Yasunobu
AU  - Maeda Y
AD  - Management of Business Development, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221028
PL  - United States
TA  - Risk Anal
JT  - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
JID - 8109978
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Japan
OT  - life cycle assessment
OT  - plastics
EDAT- 2022/10/29 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/29 06:01
CRDT- 2022/10/28 22:22
PHST- 2022/10/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/28 22:22 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/risa.14031 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Risk Anal. 2023 Aug;43(8):1682-1693. doi: 10.1111/risa.14031. Epub 2022 Oct 28.