PMID- 36346524
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230310
LR  - 20240117
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Print)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 10
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - The mitigating effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on the hemotoxicity of 
      gibberellic acid on juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
PG  - 25701-25711
LID - 10.1007/s11356-022-23844-6 [doi]
AB  - The use of plant growth regulators has led to environmental contamination of 
      water bodies that occur adjacent to agricultural areas. Some of these chemicals 
      are bioactive, not only to plants, but also to non-target exposed biota, namely 
      of the aquatic compartment. Previous work demonstrated the establishment of 
      hepato- and nephrotoxic effects in juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 
      exposed via aquatic media to gibberellic acid (GA(3)), which is among the most 
      used plant growth regulators, in agricultural practices. Here, we investigated 
      the effect of GA(3) on hematological indices, poikilocytosis, nuclear 
      abnormalities, and genotoxic indices measured in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis 
      niloticus), as well as the putative protective effects of dietary supplementation 
      of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). Fish were evenly assorted into 5 groups: 
      group I served as a control, and groups II-V were fed diets supplemented with 
      Spirulina at rates of 0 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 20 g/kg, and 100 g/kg, respectively, for 
      2 months before being exposed to 150 mg/L GA(3). The results revealed that GA(3) 
      exposure decreased significantly all hematological indices (P < 0.05), except 
      leucocytes and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), compared to the 
      control group (P > 0.05). GA(3) exposure increased significantly the percentage 
      of nuclear abnormalities, altered erythrocytes and the percentages of tail DNA, 
      compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Spirulina supplementation restored the 
      hematological, poikilocytosis, nuclear abnormalities, and the percentages of tail 
      DNA to near normal levels. The 100 g/kg SP treatment was the most effective in 
      attaining such effect, showing concentration-dependency. The present study 
      reinforces our findings of the toxicity of GA(3) on O. niloticus and suggests 
      that the addition of Spirulina to fish diet can mitigate the hemotoxic effects of 
      GA(3).
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Sayed, Alaa El-Din H
AU  - Sayed AEH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7487-4729
AD  - Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt. 
      alaasayed@aun.edu.eg.
FAU - Hamed, Mohamed
AU  - Hamed M
AD  - Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 
      Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
FAU - El-Sayed, Abdelaziz A A
AU  - El-Sayed AAA
AD  - Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, 
      Egypt.
AD  - Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina, 
      42238, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Nunes, Bruno
AU  - Nunes B
AD  - Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente E Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de 
      Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
AD  - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, 
      Aveiro, Portugal.
FAU - Soliman, Hamdy A M
AU  - Soliman HAM
AD  - Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 8562, Egypt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221108
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - BU0A7MWB6L (gibberellic acid)
RN  - 0 (Plant Growth Regulators)
RN  - Arthrospira platensis
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Cichlids
MH  - *Tilapia
MH  - *Spirulina
MH  - Plant Growth Regulators
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Diet
MH  - Animal Feed/analysis
PMC - PMC9995583
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Comet assay
OT  - GA3
OT  - Poikilocytosis
OT  - Spirulina
OT  - Tilapia
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/11/09 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/11 06:00
PMCR- 2022/11/08
CRDT- 2022/11/08 11:17
PHST- 2021/10/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/08 11:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-022-23844-6 [pii]
AID - 23844 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-022-23844-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb;30(10):25701-25711. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-022-23844-6. Epub 2022 Nov 8.