PMID- 36346813
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221110
LR  - 20221116
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 11
DP  - 2022
TI  - Evaluation of a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based method for 
      detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.
PG  - e0277367
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0277367 [doi]
LID - e0277367
AB  - The use of a non-invasive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based method 
      on saliva for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is evaluated in a proof-of-concept 
      study and thereafter utilized in an outpatient setting with the Biotrack-MED(R) 
      analyzer. For a proof-of-concept study, saliva samples were obtained from 28 
      persons with mild or moderate COVID-19-related symptoms who were tested RT-PCR 
      positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2. In an outpatient setting, 972 individual 
      saliva samples were utilized. All saliva samples were FISHed with a Cy3-labeled 
      SARS-CoV-2-specific DNA probe and were analyzed manually by fluorescence 
      microscopy (proof-of-concept) or with the SARS-CoV-2 application of the 
      Biotrack-MED(R) analyzer, a semi-autonomous multi-sample filter cytometer. The 
      proof-of-concept study showed a sensitivity of 96.0% and a specificity of 98.5% 
      and is therefore comparable to the RT-PCR analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs. The 
      outpatient setting showed a sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 94.5% and 
      seems therefore a valid assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals that 
      are healthy, mild or moderate symptomatic. In conclusion, the method evaluated in 
      this study, the FISH-based SARS-CoV-2 application of the Biotrack-MED(R) analyzer, 
      is a sensitive and reliable assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the general 
      population.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2022 Tamminga et al. This is an open access article distributed 
      under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits 
      unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the 
      original author and source are credited.
FAU - Tamminga, Gerrit G
AU  - Tamminga GG
AD  - Biotrack, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
FAU - Jansen, Gijsbert J
AU  - Jansen GJ
AD  - Biotrack, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
FAU - Wiersma, Marit
AU  - Wiersma M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6669-1110
AD  - Biotrack, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20221108
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *SARS-CoV-2/genetics
MH  - Saliva/chemistry
MH  - *COVID-19/diagnosis
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics/analysis
MH  - Nasopharynx
MH  - Specimen Handling/methods
PMC - PMC9642907
COIS- GGT, GJJ and MW have read the journal's policy and these authors of this 
      manuscript have the following competing interests: employed by the commercial 
      company Biotrack and patents issued (WO 2010/040371 A1, EP 08874964.3) This does 
      not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
EDAT- 2022/11/09 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/11 06:00
PMCR- 2022/11/08
CRDT- 2022/11/08 13:43
PHST- 2022/02/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/08 13:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-22-05244 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0277367 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2022 Nov 8;17(11):e0277367. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277367. 
      eCollection 2022.