PMID- 36354339 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221227 LR - 20230106 IS - 2165-0497 (Electronic) IS - 2165-0497 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 6 DP - 2022 Dec 21 TI - Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of a Novel Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain from NADC30-, NADC34-, and JXA1-Like Strains That Emerged in China. PG - e0266722 LID - 10.1128/spectrum.02667-22 [doi] LID - e02667-22 AB - Recently, the emergence of a NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which causes a large number of abortions in swine herds, has raised great concern in China. In this study, a PRRSV variant strain, PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021, evolved from recombination between NADC30-like, NADC34-like, and JXA1-like viruses was isolated in Fujian province in 2021, and its pathogenicity in piglets was examined. Animal experiments demonstrated that PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 infection could induce 100% morbidity and cause higher viremia, a persistently higher fever (>40 degrees C for 14 consecutive days), significant weight loss, and severe histopathological lung lesions compared to the NADC30-like FJZ03 strain and NADC34-like FJ0908 strain in piglets. The PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 strain displayed higher pathogenicity than the FJZ03 and FJ0908 strains, but lower pathogenicity than the Chinese highly pathogenic (HP)-PRRSVs in piglets. Moreover, the Ingelvac PRRS modified live vaccine (MLV) provides incomplete cross-protection against heterologous PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 in piglets. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the current epidemic situation of NADC34-like PRRSV in China. IMPORTANCE The pathogenicity of NADC34-like PRRSV has broad variations in virulence. Importantly, NADC34-like PRRSV has undergone complex recombination with local strains since it first emerged in 2017 in China. However, the pathogenicity of the recombinant NADC34-like virus was rarely experimentally evaluated in pigs. In this study, a novel PRRSV strain, PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021, was isolated from sows enduring a high-abortion-rate (20%) period in China in 2021. Notably, phylogenetic and recombination analyses revealed that PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 is a recombinant virus from NADC30-, NADC34-, and JXA1-like isolates. PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 was shown to cause higher virus load, persistent fever, significant weight loss, moderate respiratory clinical signs, and severe histopathological lung lesions in piglets. PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 exhibited higher pathogenicity than NADC30-like FJZ03 and NADC34-like FJ0908, but lower than Chinese HP-PRRSVs for piglets. These data indicated that PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 has intermediate virulence for piglets. Furthermore, the Ingelvac PRRS MLV could partly provide protective efficacy against PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 challenge in piglets. FAU - Liu, Jiankui AU - Liu J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4511-4509 AD - College of Life Sciences, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. FAU - Liu, Chen AU - Liu C AD - College of Life Sciences, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. FAU - Xu, Ye AU - Xu Y AD - College of Life Sciences, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. FAU - Yang, Yuan AU - Yang Y AD - College of Life Sciences, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. FAU - Li, Jiarui AU - Li J AD - College of Life Sciences, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. FAU - Dai, Ailing AU - Dai A AD - College of Life Sciences, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. FAU - Huang, Cuiqin AU - Huang C AD - College of Life Sciences, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. FAU - Luo, Manlin AU - Luo M AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. FAU - Wei, Chunhua AU - Wei C AD - College of Life Sciences, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. AD - Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan Universitygrid.440829.3, Longyan, Fujian, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20221110 PL - United States TA - Microbiol Spectr JT - Microbiology spectrum JID - 101634614 RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Swine MH - Female MH - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/genetics MH - *Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control MH - Virulence MH - Phylogeny MH - Genome, Viral MH - China/epidemiology MH - Vaccines, Attenuated PMC - PMC9769985 OTO - NOTNLM OT - NADC30-like OT - NADC34-like OT - cross-protection OT - pathogenicity OT - porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus OT - viral genome recombination COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/11/11 06:00 MHDA- 2022/12/28 06:00 PMCR- 2022/11/10 CRDT- 2022/11/10 09:04 PHST- 2022/11/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/12/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/11/10 09:04 [entrez] PHST- 2022/11/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 02667-22 [pii] AID - spectrum.02667-22 [pii] AID - 10.1128/spectrum.02667-22 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Dec 21;10(6):e0266722. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02667-22. Epub 2022 Nov 10.