PMID- 36355535
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230308
IS  - 1424-8247 (Print)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 11
DP  - 2022 Nov 7
TI  - Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Metformin Alone and in Combination with 
      Sitagliptin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with COVID-19.
LID - 10.3390/ph15111361 [doi]
LID - 1361
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a potential risk factor for the development of 
      COVID-19 and is associated with higher severity and mortality rates. T2DM 
      patients are commonly treated with metformin monotherapy or metformin plus 
      sitagliptin. In the present case-control, single-center cohort study, a total 
      number of 112 T2DM patients suffering from COVID-19 and aged 44-62 years old were 
      compared with 78 T2DM patients without COVID-19 and aged 42-56 years old. Both 
      the patient group and the control group were allocated into four groups. Group A: 
      T2DM patients with COVID-19 on metformin treatments plus standard therapy (n = 
      60); group B: T2DM patients with COVID-19 on metformin plus sitagliptin plus 
      standard therapy (n = 52); group C: T2DM patients without COVID-19 on metformin 
      treatments (n = 40); and group D: T2DM patients without COVID-19 on metformin 
      plus sitagliptin (n = 38). The investigation duration was 2-3 weeks. 
      Anthropometric measurements, serological and biochemical investigations, 
      pulmonary radiological findings, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Only 101 
      T2DM patients with COVID-19 continued the study, 71 (70.29%) with mild-moderate 
      COVID-19 and 30 (29.7%) with severe COVID-19 were compared with 78 T2DM patients 
      as a control. Inflammatory biomarkers (C reactive protein, ferritin, and 
      procalcitonin), a lung injury biomarker (lactate dehydrogenase), and a 
      coagulopathy biomarker (D-dimer) were elevated in severe COVID-19 patients 
      compared with mild-moderate COVID-19 (p < 0.05) and T2DM patients (p < 0.05). 
      However, metformin plus sitagliptin was more effective than metformin monotherapy 
      in T2DM patients with COVID-19, as evidenced by the mitigation of oxidative 
      stress, CT scan score, and clinical outcomes. The present study confirmed the 
      protective effects of this combination against the development of COVID-19 
      severity, as most T2DM COVID-19 patients develop mild-moderate forms. Herein, the 
      combination of metformin and sitagliptin may lead to more beneficial effects than 
      metformin monotherapy.
FAU - Al-Kuraishy, Hayder M
AU  - Al-Kuraishy HM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3097-2962
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, 
      AL-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad 14132, Iraq.
FAU - Al-Gareeb, Ali I
AU  - Al-Gareeb AI
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, 
      AL-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad 14132, Iraq.
FAU - Albogami, Sarah M
AU  - Albogami SM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0774-5550
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, 
      Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Jean-Marc, Sabatier
AU  - Jean-Marc S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9040-5647
AD  - Aix-Marseille Universite, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR 7051, 
      Faculte des sciences medi-cales et paramedicales, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 
      Marseille, France.
FAU - Nadwa, Eman Hassan
AU  - Nadwa EH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8963-790X
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf 
      University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 
      12613, Egypt.
FAU - Hafiz, Amin A
AU  - Hafiz AA
AD  - Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm 
      Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - A Negm, Walaa
AU  - A Negm W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0463-8047
AD  - Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, 
      Egypt.
FAU - Kamal, Marwa
AU  - Kamal M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3261-0327
AD  - Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 
      63514, Egypt.
FAU - Al-Jouboury, Mohammed
AU  - Al-Jouboury M
AD  - Department of Community Medicine and Statistics, College of Medicine, Baghdad 
      University, Baghdad 10071, Iraq.
FAU - Elekhnawy, Engy
AU  - Elekhnawy E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8287-1026
AD  - Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 
      Tanta 31527, Egypt.
FAU - Batiha, Gaber El-Saber
AU  - Batiha GE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7817-425X
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
FAU - Waard, Michel De
AU  - Waard M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2782-9615
AD  - Smartox Biotechnology, 6 Rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egreve, France.
AD  - L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Universite de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
AD  - LabEx <<Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics>>, Universite de Nice 
      Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221107
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
JT  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101238453
PMC - PMC9699540
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
OT  - cytokines
OT  - diabetes mellitus
OT  - metformin
OT  - sitagliptin
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/11/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/11 06:01
PMCR- 2022/11/07
CRDT- 2022/11/10 12:23
PHST- 2022/10/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/10/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/10 12:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ph15111361 [pii]
AID - pharmaceuticals-15-01361 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ph15111361 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Nov 7;15(11):1361. doi: 10.3390/ph15111361.