PMID- 36356854
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230110
LR  - 20230216
IS  - 1879-1220 (Electronic)
IS  - 0960-0760 (Linking)
VI  - 226
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - Rxrs and their partner receptor genes inducing masculinization plausibly mediated 
      by endocrine disruption in Paralichthys olivaceus.
PG  - 106219
LID - S0960-0760(22)00170-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106219 [doi]
AB  - Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) can form homo- or heterodimers with orphan receptors 
      involved in multiple intertwined signaling pathways. However, there is limited 
      study on the formation of sex phenotypes and the regulation of steroidogenesis by 
      RXRs in fish. Here, in Paralichthys olivaceus, we first indicated that 
      PPARgamma::RXRalpha was predictably a transcription factor for steroidogenesis genes, and 
      Foxl2 and Dmrt1 were also transcription factors for rxrs and their partner 
      receptor genes. When the flounder fry were exposed to LG100268 (LG, RXRs agonist, 
      50 mg/kg diet), the percentage of males increased from 50% to 71.4%. Before 
      histological differentiation of the flounder ovary (3 cm TL) and testis (6 cm 
      TL), the transcripts of rar beta and rar gamma (P < 0.05) were activated, and the 
      steroidogenesis gene Hsd3b1 was down-regulated (P < 0.05). The ratios of 
      testosterone (T)/17beta-estradiol (E2) were all greatly increased (P < 0.05), and 
      the ratio of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)/E2 was elevated at 3 cm TL. Moreover, LG 
      was used to treat the cultured gonads in vitro (10 muM) and the fish with 
      intraperitoneal injection in vivo (12 mg/kg body weight), respectively. LG was 
      able to up-regulate rxr gamma, rar gamma, and ppar delta, and Hsd3b1 was significantly 
      up-regulated (P < 0.05). The ratios of 11-KT/E2 in the culture medium and in the 
      ovaries of the fish were decreased. Furthermore, the recombinant flounder Foxl2 
      protein was able to significantly down-regulate ppar gamma (P < 0.05) and tr beta 
      (P < 0.01) in the ovaries in vitro, and the result of the Dmrt1 in the testes was 
      opposite to that of the Foxl2, probably indicating a feedback loop between RXRs' 
      partner receptors and Foxl2/Dmrt1. These findings introduce for the first time 
      the mode of action of RXRs on the flounder steroidogenesis and provide important 
      data to learn the potential function of RXRs in fish sex differentiation and the 
      potential role of RXRs in aquatic animals in the presence of water pollutants.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zou, Congcong
AU  - Zou C
AD  - CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center 
      for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot 
      National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, 
      PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
FAU - Wang, Lijuan
AU  - Wang L
AD  - CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center 
      for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot 
      National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, 
      PR China.
FAU - Shu, Chang
AU  - Shu C
AD  - CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center 
      for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot 
      National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, 
      PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
FAU - Tan, Xungang
AU  - Tan X
AD  - CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center 
      for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot 
      National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, 
      PR China.
FAU - Wu, Zhihao
AU  - Wu Z
AD  - CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center 
      for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot 
      National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, 
      PR China.
FAU - Zou, Yuxia
AU  - Zou Y
AD  - CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center 
      for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot 
      National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, 
      PR China.
FAU - Li, Ze
AU  - Li Z
AD  - CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center 
      for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot 
      National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, 
      PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
FAU - Wang, Guoyu
AU  - Wang G
AD  - CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center 
      for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot 
      National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, 
      PR China.
FAU - Song, Zongcheng
AU  - Song Z
AD  - Shenghang Aquatic Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Weihai 264200, PR China.
FAU - You, Feng
AU  - You F
AD  - CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center 
      for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot 
      National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, 
      PR China. Electronic address: youfeng@qdio.ac.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20221108
PL  - England
TA  - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
JT  - The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology
JID - 9015483
RN  - 0 (Retinoid X Receptors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
MH  - *Flounder/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Gonads/metabolism
MH  - Ovary/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Flounder
OT  - Gonad
OT  - LG100268
OT  - Retinoid X receptors
OT  - Sex differentiation
OT  - Steroidogenesis
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/11/11 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/11 06:00
CRDT- 2022/11/10 19:27
PHST- 2022/08/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/10 19:27 [entrez]
AID - S0960-0760(22)00170-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106219 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2023 Feb;226:106219. doi: 
      10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106219. Epub 2022 Nov 8.