PMID- 36357202
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221220
LR  - 20221222
IS  - 1525-3198 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-0302 (Linking)
VI  - 106
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Jan
TI  - The role of packaging on the flavor of fluid milk.
PG  - 151-167
LID - S0022-0302(22)00642-7 [pii]
LID - 10.3168/jds.2022-22060 [doi]
AB  - Few studies have addressed the effects of package material in the absence of 
      light on contributions to fluid milk flavor. The objective of this study was to 
      compare the sensory and chemical properties of fluid milk packaged in paperboard 
      cartons, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene 
      terephthalate (PET), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and glass. 
      Pasteurized (high temperature short time, 77 degrees C for 25 s) skim and whole milk were 
      filled (280 mL +/- 10 mL) into paperboard cartons, low-density polyethylene, HDPE, 
      PET, LLDPE, and glass (control). Milks were stored at 4 degrees C in the dark and sampled 
      at d 0, 5, 10, and 15. Descriptive analysis was applied to document sensory 
      profiles at each time point, and volatile compounds were extracted and identified 
      by solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry and gas 
      chromatography-olfactometry. Tetrad tests with consumers were conducted at d 10. 
      Both skim and whole milks packaged in cartons had noticeable paperboard flavor by 
      d 5 and higher levels of hexanal than skim and whole milks in other package types 
      at d 5. Skim milks packaged in paperboard cartons and LLDPE had distinct 
      refrigerator/stale flavor compared with milks in the other package types, 
      concurrent with increased levels of refrigerator/package-related compounds 
      including styrene, acetophenone and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Milks packaged in glass, 
      PET and HDPE were not distinguished by consumers at d 10 post-processing. Package 
      type influences fluid milk flavor, and these effects are greater in skim milk 
      compared with whole milk. Paperboard cartons do not preserve milk freshness, as 
      well as PET, HDPE, or glass, due to flavor migration and scalping. Glass remains 
      an ideal barrier to preserve fluid milk flavor, but in the absence of light, HDPE 
      and PET provide additional benefits while also maintaining fluid milk flavor.
CI  - The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. and Fass Inc. on behalf of the American 
      Dairy Science Association(R). This is an open access article under the CC BY 
      license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
FAU - Cadwallader, D C
AU  - Cadwallader DC
AD  - Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, Southeast Dairy Foods 
      Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695.
FAU - Gerard, P D
AU  - Gerard PD
AD  - Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634.
FAU - Drake, M A
AU  - Drake MA
AD  - Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, Southeast Dairy Foods 
      Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695. Electronic 
      address: maryanne_drake@ncsu.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221107
PL  - United States
TA  - J Dairy Sci
JT  - Journal of dairy science
JID - 2985126R
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Milk/chemistry
MH  - *Polyethylene/analysis
MH  - Taste
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/veterinary
MH  - Solid Phase Microextraction/veterinary
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - flavor
OT  - fluid milk
OT  - package
EDAT- 2022/11/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/21 06:00
CRDT- 2022/11/10 22:03
PHST- 2022/03/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/10 22:03 [entrez]
AID - S0022-0302(22)00642-7 [pii]
AID - 10.3168/jds.2022-22060 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dairy Sci. 2023 Jan;106(1):151-167. doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22060. Epub 2022 Nov 
      7.