PMID- 36374739 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221129 LR - 20221129 IS - 1879-0461 (Electronic) IS - 1040-8428 (Linking) VI - 180 DP - 2022 Dec TI - New steps on an old path: Novel estrogen receptor inhibitors in breast cancer. PG - 103861 LID - S1040-8428(22)00285-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103861 [doi] AB - Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling represents the main driver of tumor growth and survival in hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). Thus, endocrine therapy (ET) alone or in combination with targeted agents constitutes the mainstay of the treatment for this BC subtype. Despite its efficacy, intrinsic or acquired resistance to ET occurs in a large proportion of cases, mainly due to aberrant activation of ER signaling (i.e. through ligand-independent ER activation, in the presence of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene aberration or ER protein phosphorylation) and/or the upregulation of escape pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, the development of new ER pathway targeting agents remains essential to delay and overcome ET resistance, enhance treatment efficacy and tolerability, and ultimately prolong patient survival and improve their quality of life. Several novel ER targeting agents are currently under investigation. Among these, the oral selective ER degraders (SERDs) represent the pharmacological class at the most advanced stage of development and promise to enrich the therapeutic armamentarium of HR+ BC in the next few years, as they showed promising results in several clinical trials, either as single ET agents or in combination with targeted therapies. In this manuscript, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the clinical development of novel ER targeting agents, reporting the most up-to-date evidence on oral SERDs and other compounds, including new selective ER modulators (SERMs), ER proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTACs), selective ER covalent antagonists (SERCAs), complete ER antagonists (CERANs), selective human ER partial agonists (ShERPAs). Furthermore, we discuss the potential implications of introducing these novel treatment strategies in the evolving and complex therapeutic scenario of HR+ BC. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Pagliuca, Martina AU - Pagliuca M AD - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy; Gustave Roussy, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France. FAU - Donato, Marco AU - Donato M AD - Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy. FAU - D'Amato, Agostina Lagodin AU - D'Amato AL AD - Department of Medical Oncology, U.O. Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy. FAU - Rosanova, Mario AU - Rosanova M AD - Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy. FAU - Russo, Anna Orsola Maria AU - Russo AOM AD - U.O. Oncologia Medica P.O. Ospedale delle Murge F. Perinei, Altamura, Italy. FAU - Scafetta, Roberta AU - Scafetta R AD - Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy. FAU - De Angelis, Carmine AU - De Angelis C AD - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. FAU - Trivedi, Meghna V AU - Trivedi MV AD - Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA. FAU - Andre, Fabrice AU - Andre F AD - Gustave Roussy, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France. FAU - Arpino, Grazia AU - Arpino G AD - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. FAU - Del Mastro, Lucia AU - Del Mastro L AD - Department of Medical Oncology, U.O. Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy. FAU - De Laurentiis, Michelino AU - De Laurentiis M AD - National Cancer Institute IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy. FAU - Puglisi, Fabio AU - Puglisi F AD - Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy. FAU - Giuliano, Mario AU - Giuliano M AD - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. Electronic address: m.giuliano@unina.it. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20221028 PL - Netherlands TA - Crit Rev Oncol Hematol JT - Critical reviews in oncology/hematology JID - 8916049 RN - 0 (Receptors, Estrogen) RN - EC 2.7.1.- (Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases) RN - 0 (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators) RN - 0 (Estrogens) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - *Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism MH - *Breast Neoplasms/pathology MH - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism MH - Quality of Life MH - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/therapeutic use MH - Estrogens/therapeutic use OTO - NOTNLM OT - ER signaling OT - Endocrine resistance OT - PROTACs OT - SERCAs OT - SERDs EDAT- 2022/11/15 06:00 MHDA- 2022/11/30 06:00 CRDT- 2022/11/14 13:37 PHST- 2022/10/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/10/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/10/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/11/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/11/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/11/14 13:37 [entrez] AID - S1040-8428(22)00285-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103861 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022 Dec;180:103861. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103861. Epub 2022 Oct 28.