PMID- 36379336 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221216 LR - 20221221 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 859 IP - Pt 1 DP - 2023 Feb 10 TI - Utility of outdoor central site monitoring in assessing exposure of school children to ultrafine particles. PG - 160162 LID - S0048-9697(22)07262-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160162 [doi] AB - Epidemiological studies investigating the association between daily particle exposure and health effects are frequently based on a single monitoring site located in an urban background. Using a central site in epidemiological time-series studies has been established based on the premises of low spatial variability of particles within the areas of interest and hence the adequacy of the central sites to monitor the exposure. This is true to a large extent in relation to larger particles (PM(2.5), PM(10)) that are typically monitored and regulated. However, the distribution of ultrafine particles (UFP), which in cities predominantly originate from traffic, is heterogeneous. With increasing pressure to improve the epidemiology of UFP, an important question to ask is, whether central site monitoring is representative of community exposure to this size fraction of particulate matter; addressing this question is the aim of this paper. To achieve this aim, we measured personal exposure to UFP, expressed as particle number concentration (PNC), using Philips Aerasense Nanotracers (NT) carried by the participants of the study, and condensation particle counters (CPC) or scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS) at central fixed-site monitoring stations. The measurements were conducted at three locations in Brisbane (Australia), Cassino (Italy) and Accra (Ghana). We then used paired t-tests to compare the average personal and average fixed-site PNC measured over the same 24-h, and hourly, periods. We found that, at all three locations, the 24-h average fixed-site PNC was no different to the personal PNC, when averaged over the study period and all the participants. However, the corresponding hourly averages were significantly different at certain times of the day. These were generally times spent commuting and during cooking and eating at home. Our analysis of the data obtained in Brisbane, showed that maximum personal exposure occurred in the home microenvironment during morning breakfast and evening dinner time. The main source of PNC for personal exposure was from the home-microenvironment. We conclude that the 24-h average PNC from the central-site can be used to estimate the 24-h average personal exposure for a community. However, the hourly average PNC from the central site cannot consistently be used to estimate hourly average personal exposure, mainly because they are affected by very different sources. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Pradhan, Basant AU - Pradhan B AD - International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia. FAU - Jayaratne, Rohan AU - Jayaratne R AD - International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia. FAU - Thompson, Helen AU - Thompson H AD - School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia. FAU - Buonanno, Giorgio AU - Buonanno G AD - Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy. FAU - Mazaheri, Mandana AU - Mazaheri M AD - South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. FAU - Nyarku, Mawutorli AU - Nyarku M AD - School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia. FAU - Lin, Weiwei AU - Lin W AD - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Pereira, Marcelo Luiz AU - Pereira ML AD - Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina, Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Brazil. FAU - Cyrys, Josef AU - Cyrys J AD - Institute of Epidemiology (EPI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany. FAU - Peters, Annette AU - Peters A AD - Institute of Epidemiology (EPI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. FAU - Morawska, Lidia AU - Morawska L AD - International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Global Centre for Clean Air Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom. Electronic address: l.morawska@qut.edu.au. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20221113 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 RN - 0 (Particulate Matter) RN - 0 (Air Pollutants) SB - IM MH - Child MH - Humans MH - *Particulate Matter/analysis MH - *Air Pollutants/analysis MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - Particle Size MH - Cities OTO - NOTNLM OT - Nanotracer OT - Particle number concentration OT - Personal exposure OT - Ultrafine particles COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2022/11/16 06:00 MHDA- 2022/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2022/11/15 19:24 PHST- 2022/08/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/10/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/11/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/11/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/12/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/11/15 19:24 [entrez] AID - S0048-9697(22)07262-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160162 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 10;859(Pt 1):160162. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160162. Epub 2022 Nov 13.