PMID- 36386794
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221118
IS  - 1664-8021 (Print)
IS  - 1664-8021 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-8021 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2022
TI  - Metformin: Activation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase and its emerging 
      potential beyond anti-hyperglycemic action.
PG  - 1022739
LID - 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022739 [doi]
LID - 1022739
AB  - Metformin is a plant-based drug belonging to the class of biguanides and is known 
      to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The drug, combined with controlling 
      blood glucose levels, improves the body's response to insulin. In addition, 
      trials have identified the cardioprotective potential of metformin in the 
      diabetic population receiving the drug. Activation of 5' AMP-activated protein 
      kinase (AMPK) is the major pathway for these potential beneficial effects of 
      metformin. Historically, much emphasis has been placed on the potential 
      indications of metformin beyond its anti-diabetic use. This review aims to 
      appraise other potential uses of metformin primarily mediated by the activation 
      of AMPK. We also discuss various mechanisms, other than AMPK activation, by which 
      metformin could produce beneficial effects for different conditions. Databases 
      including PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched for literature relevant to the 
      review's objective. Reports from both research and review articles were 
      considered. We found that metformin has diverse effects on the human body 
      systems. It has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, 
      cardioprotective, metabolic, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial 
      effects and has now even been identified as effective against SARS-CoV-2. Above 
      all, the AMPK pathway has been recognized as responsible for metformin's 
      efficiency and effectiveness. Owing to its extensive potential, it has the 
      capability to become a part of treatment regimens for diseases apart from T2DM.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Goel, Singh, Singh, Singh, Kumari, Chopra, Sharma, Nepovimova, 
      Valis, Kuca and Emran.
FAU - Goel, Sanjay
AU  - Goel S
AD  - Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India.
FAU - Singh, Ravinder
AU  - Singh R
AD  - Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
FAU - Singh, Varinder
AU  - Singh V
AD  - Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
FAU - Singh, Harmanjit
AU  - Singh H
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, 
      India.
FAU - Kumari, Pratima
AU  - Kumari P
AD  - Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
FAU - Chopra, Hitesh
AU  - Chopra H
AD  - Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
FAU - Sharma, Rohit
AU  - Sharma R
AD  - Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute 
      of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
FAU - Nepovimova, Eugenie
AU  - Nepovimova E
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec 
      Kralove, Czechia.
AD  - Neurology Clinic, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czechia.
FAU - Valis, Martin
AU  - Valis M
AD  - Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in 
      Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czechia.
FAU - Kuca, Kamil
AU  - Kuca K
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec 
      Kralove, Czechia.
AD  - Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence 
      (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
FAU - Emran, Talha Bin
AU  - Emran TB
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International 
      University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20221031
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Genet
JT  - Frontiers in genetics
JID - 101560621
PMC - PMC9659887
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - anticancer
OT  - cardioprotective
OT  - hyperglycemia
OT  - metformin
OT  - oxidative stress
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/18 06:01
PMCR- 2022/10/31
CRDT- 2022/11/17 11:49
PHST- 2022/08/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/17 11:49 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/10/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1022739 [pii]
AID - 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022739 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Genet. 2022 Oct 31;13:1022739. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022739. eCollection 
      2022.