PMID- 36388931
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221119
IS  - 2296-858X (Print)
IS  - 2296-858X (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-858X (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2022
TI  - The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy.
PG  - 973856
LID - 10.3389/fmed.2022.973856 [doi]
LID - 973856
AB  - The retina, the part of the eye, translates the light signal into an electric 
      current that can be sent to the brain as visual information. To achieve this, the 
      retina requires fine-tuned vascularization for its energy supply. Diabetic 
      retinopathy (DR) causes alterations in the eye vascularization that reduce the 
      oxygen supply with consequent retinal neurodegeneration. During DR, the mammalian 
      target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway seems to coordinate retinal neurodegeneration 
      with multiple anabolic and catabolic processes, such as autophagy, oxidative 
      stress, cell death, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are 
      closely related to chronic hyperglycemia. This review outlines the normal anatomy 
      of the retina and how hyperglycemia can be involved in the neurodegeneration 
      underlying this disease through over activation or inhibition of the mTOR 
      pathway.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Casciano, Zauli, Rimondi, Mura, Previati, Busin and Zauli.
FAU - Casciano, Fabio
AU  - Casciano F
AD  - Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 
      Ferrara, Italy.
AD  - Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and 
      Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of 
      Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Zauli, Enrico
AU  - Zauli E
AD  - Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Rimondi, Erika
AU  - Rimondi E
AD  - Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 
      Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Mura, Marco
AU  - Mura M
AD  - Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Previati, Maurizio
AU  - Previati M
AD  - Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 
      Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Busin, Massimo
AU  - Busin M
AD  - Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Zauli, Giorgio
AU  - Zauli G
AD  - Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20221101
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Med (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in medicine
JID - 101648047
PMC - PMC9663464
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - autophagy
OT  - diabetic retinopathy
OT  - hyperglycemia
OT  - inflammation
OT  - mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
OT  - oxidative stress
OT  - reactive oxygen species (ROS)
OT  - retinae
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/18 06:01
PMCR- 2022/11/01
CRDT- 2022/11/17 12:19
PHST- 2022/06/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/09/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/17 12:19 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmed.2022.973856 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Nov 1;9:973856. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.973856. 
      eCollection 2022.