PMID- 36401877
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230313
LR  - 20230502
IS  - 1758-4469 (Electronic)
IS  - 0829-318X (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 Mar 9
TI  - Male-linked gene TsRPL10a' in androdioecious tree Tapiscia sinensis: implications 
      for sex differentiation by influencing gynoecium development.
PG  - 486-500
LID - 10.1093/treephys/tpac131 [doi]
AB  - The mechanism of sex differentiation in androdioecy is of great significance for 
      illuminating the origin and evolution of dioecy. Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. is a 
      functionally androdioecious species with both male and hermaphroditic 
      individuals. Male flowers of T. sinensis lack the ovules of gynoecia compared 
      with hermaphrodites. To identify sex simply and accurately, and further find the 
      potential determinants of sex differentiation in T. sinensis, we found that 
      TsRPL10a', a duplicate of TsRPL10a, was a male-linked gene. The promoter (5' 
      untranslated region and the first intron) of TsRPL10a' can be used to accurately 
      identify sex in T. sinensis. TsRPL10a is a ribosomal protein that is involved in 
      gynoecium development, and sufficient ribosomal levels are necessary for female 
      gametogenesis. The expression level of TsRPL10a was significantly downregulated 
      in male flower primordia compared with hermaphrodites. The RNA fluorescence in 
      situ hybridization (FISH) assay demonstrated that TsRPL10a was almost 
      undetectable in male gynoecia at the gynoecial ridge stage, which was a key 
      period of ovule formation by scanning electron microscope observation. In male 
      flowers, although the promoter activity of TsRPL10a was significantly higher than 
      TsRPL10a' verified by transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, the transcriptional 
      expression ratio of TsRPL10a was obviously lower than TsRPL10a' and reached its 
      lowest at the gynoecial ridge stage, indicating the existence of a female 
      suppressor. The promoter similarity of TsRPL10a and TsRPL10a' was only 45.29%; 
      the genomic sequence similarity was 89.8%; four amino acids were altered in 
      TsRPL10a'. The secondary structure of TsRPL10a' was different from TsRPL10a, and 
      TsRPL10a' did not exhibit FISH and GUS expression in the gynoecium the way 
      TsRPL10a did. From the perspective of RT-qPCR, its high expression level, 
      followed by the low expression level of TsRPL10a in male flowers, indicates its 
      antagonism function with TsRPL10a. The evolutionary analysis, subcellular 
      localization and flower expression pattern suggested that TsRPL10a might be 
      functionally conserved with AtRPL10aA, AtRPL10aB and AtRPL10aC in A. thaliana. 
      Overall, we speculated that TsRPL10a and its duplicate TsRPL10a' might be 
      involved in sex differentiation by influencing gynoecium development in T. 
      sinensis.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. 
      For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Wang, Feng
AU  - Wang F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5994-4757
AD  - Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest 
      University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, 
      Xi'an 710069, China.
FAU - Ren, Xiaolong
AU  - Ren X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4251-5841
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
FAU - Jiang, Minggao
AU  - Jiang M
AD  - Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest 
      University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, 
      Xi'an 710069, China.
FAU - Hou, Kunpeng
AU  - Hou K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5539-3847
AD  - Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest 
      University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, 
      Xi'an 710069, China.
FAU - Xin, Guiliang
AU  - Xin G
AD  - Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest 
      University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, 
      Xi'an 710069, China.
FAU - Yan, Feng
AU  - Yan F
AD  - Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest 
      University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, 
      Xi'an 710069, China.
FAU - Zhao, Peng
AU  - Zhao P
AD  - Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest 
      University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, 
      Xi'an 710069, China.
FAU - Liu, Wenzhe
AU  - Liu W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7738-0086
AD  - Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest 
      University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, 
      Xi'an 710069, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Canada
TA  - Tree Physiol
JT  - Tree physiology
JID - 100955338
SB  - IM
MH  - *Sex Differentiation/genetics
MH  - Trees
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Flowers
MH  - *Arabidopsis/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Tapiscia sinensis
OT  - TsRPL10a
OT  - functional androdioecy
OT  - gynoecium development
OT  - male-linked gene
OT  - sex differentiation
EDAT- 2022/11/20 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/14 06:00
CRDT- 2022/11/19 17:42
PHST- 2022/06/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/19 17:42 [entrez]
AID - 6833507 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/treephys/tpac131 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Tree Physiol. 2023 Mar 9;43(3):486-500. doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpac131.