PMID- 36401912
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221129
LR  - 20221129
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1685
DP  - 2022 Dec 6
TI  - Effect of spacer alkyl chain length on retention among three imidazolium 
      stationary phases under various modes in high performance liquid chromatography.
PG  - 463646
LID - S0021-9673(22)00837-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463646 [doi]
AB  - The properties of ionic liquids (ILs) greatly influenced the retention of solutes 
      on IL-functionalized stationary phases. In this work, three IL-functionalized 
      stationary phases (Sil-C4Im, Sil-C7Im, and Sil-C10Im) were prepared by modifying 
      silica gel with three ionic liquid silane reagents differing in spacer alkyl 
      chain lengths, which refers to the alkyl chain between the imidazolium and the 
      sulfur atom. The preparation was proved through a range of characterization 
      techniques, including elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared 
      spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of 
      chromatographic conditions, such as acetonitrile content, salt concentration, pH, 
      and column temperature, were studied to explore the retention mechanism of three 
      stationary phases, which indicates that three IL-stationary phases provide 
      interactions with solutes in reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), 
      hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and ion exchange 
      chromatography (IEC). The column efficiency is 83,686 plates/m for aminobenzoic 
      acid, and the column also has excellent repeatability of retention time with 
      relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.24% and 0.34% (n = 12). A variety 
      of analytes, including five nucleosides and nucleobases, six alkylbenzenes, two 
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and four inorganic anions, were 
      separated well on three IL-functionalized stationary phases. It was found that 
      the spacer alkyl chain length influenced selectivity by comparing the retention 
      of the three IL-functionalized stationary phases.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Fan, Kun
AU  - Fan K
AD  - School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 
      400715, China.
FAU - Peng, Jingdong
AU  - Peng J
AD  - School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 
      400715, China. Electronic address: hxpengjd@swu.edu.cn.
FAU - Peng, Huanjun
AU  - Peng H
AD  - School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 
      400715, China.
FAU - Zhang, Zilong
AU  - Zhang Z
AD  - School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 
      400715, China.
FAU - Chen, Jun
AU  - Chen J
AD  - School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 
      400715, China.
FAU - Luo, Pan
AU  - Luo P
AD  - School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 
      400715, China.
FAU - Wang, Xiang
AU  - Wang X
AD  - School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 
      400715, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221113
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide)
RN  - 0 (Ionic Liquids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
MH  - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
MH  - *Silicon Dioxide/chemistry
MH  - Chromatography, Reverse-Phase
MH  - *Ionic Liquids/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ionic liquids
OT  - Mixed mode
OT  - Spacer alkyl chain length
OT  - Stationary phases
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/11/20 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/30 06:00
CRDT- 2022/11/19 18:15
PHST- 2022/08/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/19 18:15 [entrez]
AID - S0021-9673(22)00837-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463646 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2022 Dec 6;1685:463646. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463646. Epub 
      2022 Nov 13.