PMID- 36422182
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221128
LR  - 20230308
IS  - 1648-9144 (Electronic)
IS  - 1010-660X (Print)
IS  - 1010-660X (Linking)
VI  - 58
IP  - 11
DP  - 2022 Nov 14
TI  - Carbonic Anhydrase IX as a Marker of Disease Severity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
LID - 10.3390/medicina58111643 [doi]
LID - 1643
AB  - Background and Objectives: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes are a family of 
      metalloenzymes that contain a zinc ion in their active sites. CA enzymes have 
      been implied in important situations such as CO2 transport, pH regulation, and 
      oncogenesis. CA-IX is a transmembrane glycoprotein and stimulates the expression 
      of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) CA-IX. This study aimed to determine serum 
      CA-IX levels in OSA patients in whom intermittent hypoxia is important and to 
      investigate the relationship between serum CA-IX levels and disease severity. 
      Materials and Methods: The study included 88 people who applied to Malatya Turgut 
      Ozal University Training and Research Hospital Sleep Disorders Center without a 
      history of respiratory disease, malignancy, and smoking. Patients were divided 
      into three groups: control (AHI < 5, n = 31), mild-moderate OSA (AHI = 5-30, n = 
      27) and severe OSA (AHI > 30, n = 30). The analysis of the data included in the 
      research was carried out with the SPSS (IBM Statistics 25, NY, USA). The 
      Shapiro-Wilk Test was used to check whether the data included in the study had a 
      normal distribution. Comparisons were made with ANOVA in multivariate groups and 
      the t-test in bivariate groups. ANCOVA was applied to determine the effect of the 
      CA-IX parameter for OSA by controlling the effect of independent variables. The 
      differentiation in CA-IX and OSA groups was analyzed regardless of BMI, age, 
      gender, and laboratory variables. ROC analysis was applied to determine the 
      parameter cut-off point. Sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off were calculated, 
      and the area under the curve (AUC) value was calculated. Results: Serum CA-IX 
      levels were 126.3 +/- 24.5 pg/mL in the control group, 184.6 +/- 59.1 pg/mL in the 
      mild-moderate OSA group, and 332.0 +/- 39.7 pg/mL in the severe OSA group. Serum 
      CA-IX levels were found to be higher in the severe OSA group compared to the 
      mild-moderate OSA group and control group and higher in the mild-moderate OSA 
      group compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, 
      respectively). In addition, a negative correlation between CA-IX and minimum SaO2 
      and mean SaO2 (r = -0.371, p = 0.004; r = -0.319, p = 0.017, respectively). A 
      positive correlation between CA-IX and desaturation index (CT90) was found (r = 
      0.369, p = 0.005). A positive correlation was found between CA-IX and CRP (r = 
      0.340, p = 0.010). When evaluated by ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve 
      (AUC) value was determined as 0.940 (95% CI 0.322-0.557; p < 0.001). When the 
      cut-off value for CA-IX was taken as 254.5 pg/mL, it was found to have 96.7% 
      sensitivity and 94.8% specificity in demonstrating severe OSA. Conclusions: Our 
      study found that serum CA-IX value was higher in OSA patients than in control 
      patients, and this elevation was associated with hypoxemia and inflammation. 
      CA-IX value can be a fast, precise, and useful biomarker to predict OSA.
FAU - Geckil, Aysegul Altintop
AU  - Geckil AA
AD  - Department of Chest Diseases, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, 
      Turkey.
FAU - Kiran, Tugba Raika
AU  - Kiran TR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3724-0249
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, 
      Turkey.
FAU - Berber, Nurcan Kirici
AU  - Berber NK
AD  - Department of Chest Diseases, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, 
      Turkey.
FAU - Otlu, Onder
AU  - Otlu O
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, 
      Turkey.
FAU - Erdem, Mehmet
AU  - Erdem M
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, 
      Turkey.
FAU - In, Erdal
AU  - In E
AD  - Department of Chest Diseases, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, 
      Turkey.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221114
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Medicina (Kaunas)
JT  - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
JID - 9425208
RN  - EC 4.2.1.1 (Carbonic Anhydrase IX)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Carbonic Anhydrase IX
MH  - Polysomnography
MH  - *Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Hypoxia
PMC - PMC9695925
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CA-IX
OT  - OSA
OT  - intermittent hypoxia
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/11/25 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/29 06:00
PMCR- 2022/11/14
CRDT- 2022/11/24 10:33
PHST- 2022/10/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/10/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/24 10:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - medicina58111643 [pii]
AID - medicina-58-01643 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/medicina58111643 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Nov 14;58(11):1643. doi: 10.3390/medicina58111643.