PMID- 36428613
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221213
IS  - 2072-6694 (Print)
IS  - 2072-6694 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6694 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 22
DP  - 2022 Nov 10
TI  - Targeting mTOR as a Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances in Natural Bioactive 
      Compounds and Immunotherapy.
LID - 10.3390/cancers14225520 [doi]
LID - 5520
AB  - The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved 
      serine/threonine-protein kinase, which regulates many biological processes 
      related to metabolism, cancer, immune function, and aging. It is an essential 
      protein kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family and 
      has two known signaling complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 
      (mTORC2). Even though mTOR signaling plays a critical role in promoting 
      mitochondria-related protein synthesis, suppressing the catabolic process of 
      autophagy, contributing to lipid metabolism, engaging in ribosome formation, and 
      acting as a critical regulator of mRNA translation, it remains one of the 
      significant signaling systems involved in the tumor process, particularly in 
      apoptosis, cell cycle, and cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the mTOR 
      signaling system could be suggested as a cancer biomarker, and its targeting is 
      important in anti-tumor therapy research. Indeed, its dysregulation is involved 
      in different types of cancers such as colon, neck, cervical, head, lung, breast, 
      reproductive, and bone cancers, as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Moreover, 
      recent investigations showed that targeting mTOR could be considered as cancer 
      therapy. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of recent developments 
      associated with the mTOR signaling pathway and its molecular involvement in 
      various human cancer types. It also summarizes the research progress of different 
      mTOR inhibitors, including natural and synthetised compounds and their main 
      mechanisms, as well as the rational combinations with immunotherapies.
FAU - Bouyahya, Abdelhakim
AU  - Bouyahya A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9317-1631
AD  - Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of 
      Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 
      10106, Morocco.
FAU - El Allam, Aicha
AU  - El Allam A
AD  - Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedars Street, 
      TAC S610, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
FAU - Aboulaghras, Sara
AU  - Aboulaghras S
AD  - Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human 
      Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
FAU - Bakrim, Saad
AU  - Bakrim S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4521-3515
AD  - Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, 
      Biotechnologies and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn 
      Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco.
FAU - El Menyiy, Naoual
AU  - El Menyiy N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4842-2056
AD  - Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 
      Taounate 34025, Morocco.
FAU - Alshahrani, Mohammed Merae
AU  - Alshahrani MM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9387-5492
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Al Awadh, Ahmed Abdullah
AU  - Al Awadh AA
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Benali, Taoufiq
AU  - Benali T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5732-2818
AD  - Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad 
      University, Sidi Bouzid B.P. 4162, Morocco.
FAU - Lee, Learn-Han
AU  - Lee LH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8589-7456
AD  - Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and 
      Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health 
      Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
FAU - El Omari, Nasreddine
AU  - El Omari N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0308-1155
AD  - Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and 
      Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
FAU - Goh, Khang Wen
AU  - Goh KW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6686-7019
AD  - Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International 
      University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia.
FAU - Ming, Long Chiau
AU  - Ming LC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6971-1383
AD  - Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, 
      Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei.
FAU - Mubarak, Mohammad S
AU  - Mubarak MS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9782-0835
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20221110
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Cancers (Basel)
JT  - Cancers
JID - 101526829
PMC - PMC9688668
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cancer
OT  - immunotherapy
OT  - mTOR
OT  - mTOR inhibitors
OT  - natural drugs
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/11/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/27 06:01
PMCR- 2022/11/10
CRDT- 2022/11/26 01:04
PHST- 2022/10/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/26 01:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - cancers14225520 [pii]
AID - cancers-14-05520 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/cancers14225520 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cancers (Basel). 2022 Nov 10;14(22):5520. doi: 10.3390/cancers14225520.